Effects of copper on branchial ionoregulation in the rainbow trout,Salmo gairdneri Richardson

Laurén, Darrel Jon; McDonald, D. G.

doi:10.1007/bf00694455

Cited by 265 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The reason for K + increases in plasma (K + / Na + ratio from 0.03 in controls to 0.05 in fish exposed to 29 µg L -1 ) may be due to increased cell membrane permeability, as pointed out by Laurén & McDonald (1985), allowing the intracellular K + to diffuse passively to extracellular fluid (Perry & Laurent, 1993). The significant blood acidosis found in P. scrofa has also been reported in O. mykiss (Wilson & Taylor, 1993) and O. mossambicus (Pelgrom et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Previous investigations have also found ion imbalance in Salvelinius fontinalis (McKim et al, 1970), Ictalurus nebulosus (Christensen et al, 1972), Lepomis macrochirus (Heath, 1991), and O. mossambicus (Nussey et al, 1995a;Pelgrom et al, 1995). Ionregulatory disruption induced by copper is related to inhibition of branchial Na + -K + -ATPase and ion uptake with concomitant stimulation of ion efflux in freshwater fish (Laurén & McDonald, 1985;Pelgrom et al, 1995). The increased membrane permeability favoring ion efflux may be due to disruption of the membrane integrity of gill cells (Stagg & Shuttleworth, 1982;McDonald & Wood, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Impairment of the respiratory and the ionoregulatory functions may occur due to the structural changes and an increased the ion permeability of the gill epithelia (Laurén & McDonald, 1985;Wilson & Taylor, 1993), and inhibition of the Na + /K + -ATPase activity (Li et al, 1998). Such toxic effects may result in biochemical and physiological changes in fish blood (Nussey et al, 1995a, b, c).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hematological and physiological changes induced by short-term exposure to copper in the freshwater fish, Prochilodus scrofa

et al. 2002

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Hematological and physiological changes in the blood of juveniles of the freshwater fish, Prochilodus scrofa were determined after acute exposure to 20, 25, and 29 µgCu L -1 in water (pH 7.5; hardness 24.5 mg L -1 as CaCO 3 ) for 96 h. Copper exposure to 25 and 29 µgCu L -1 caused significant increase in the hematocrit and red blood cell values. The increase in red blood cells was associated with increase in whole blood hemoglobin only in fish exposed to 29 µgCu L -1 . Leukocytes increased following copper exposure and were significantly higher in fish exposed to 29 µgCu L -1 . Differential leukocyte percentage displayed significant reduction in lymphocytes and an increase in neutrophils in fish exposed to 25 and 29 µgCu L -1 . The percentage of monocytes remained unchanged after copper exposure. The thrombocytes did not change. There was a significant decrease in plasma [Na + ] and [Cl -] and a significant drop in blood pH in fish exposed to 25 and 29 µgCu L -1 while [K + ] showed significant increase in fish exposed to 29 µgCu L -1 . Copper exposure led to ionoregulatory impairment, although chloride cell hypertrophy was induced. The changes in red blood cells suggest a compensatory response to respiratory surface reduction of gills (tissue damage and cell proliferation) in order to maintain oxygen transference from water to the tissues, allowing the fish to survive during the so-called shock phase of LC 50 exposure, at least while at rest. tenha sido induzida, e as mudanças nos parâmetros hematológicos sugerem resposta compensatória à redução da superfície respiratória das brânquias (lesões no tecido branquial e proliferação celular) de forma a manter a transferência do oxigênio da água para o sangue, permitindo a sobrevivência dos peixes durante a fase de choque da exposição a CL 50 , pelo menos, sob condições de repouso.Palavras-chave: cobre, parâmetros hematológicos, íons plasmáticos, histopatologia branquial, Prochilodus scrofa.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hematological and physiological changes induced by short-term exposure to copper in the freshwater fish, Prochilodus scrofa

et al. 2002

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“…The edema, epithelial lifting as well as lamellar fusion also are defence mechanisms that reduce the branchial superficial area in contact with the external milieu. These mechanisms also increase the diffusion barrier to the pollutant (Laurèn & McDonald 1985, Van Heerden et al 2004.…”

Section: Discus Discus Discus Discus Discussion Sion Sion Sion Sionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathological changes in liver and gill epithelium of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, exposed to waterborne copper

et al. 2007

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Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, of both sexes were reared in freshwater and exposed to 0.5, 1.0 and 2.5mg L-1 of waterborne copper for a period of 21 days. Liver and gill samples were collected after 21 days of exposure to copper and lesions were analyzed by light microscopy. The main histopathological changes observed in gills exposed to the highest concentration were edema, lifting of lamellar epithelia and an intense vasodilatation of the lamellar vascular axis. Although less frequent, lamellar fusion caused by the filamentar epithelium proliferation and some lamellar aneurisms were also found. The liver of control group exhibited a quite normal architecture, while the fish exposed to copper showed vacuolation and necrosis. These hepatic alterations were more evident in fish exposed to 1.0 and 2.5mg L-1 copper concentrations. The number of hepatocytes nucleus per mm² of hepatic tissue decreased with the increase of copper concentration. In contrast, the hepatic somatic index was high in fish exposed at 2.5mg L-1 of copper. In short, this work advance new knowledge as influence of copper in the gill and liver histology of O. niloticus and demonstrated that their effects could be observed at different concentrations.

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“…The branchial damage can include: a reduction in Na + influx McDonald, 1985, 1987a) a stimulation of Na + efflux (Laurén and McDonald, 1985) and an inhibition of branchial Na + -K + ATPase activity (Stagg and Shuttleworth, 1982;Laurén and McDonald, 1987b;Pelgrom et al, 1995;Kolok et al, 2002). These branchial changes can lead to an increase in net Na + loss (Croke and McDonald, 2002;Taylor et al, 2004), which can culminate in a significantly reduced concentration of whole-body Na + (Laurén and McDonald, 1987a;McGeer et al, 2000;Kolok et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper acclimation in juvenile fathead minnows: Is a cycle of branchial damage and repair necessary?

Tate-Boldt

Kolok

2008

Aquatic Toxicology

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Fathead minnows exposed to sublethal Cu concentrations may undergo branchial damage followed by repair, and may also develop enhanced Cu tolerance. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether the cycle of damage and repair was necessary for the development of enhanced Cu tolerance. Inferences regarding damage and repair were made from changes in the whole body Na + of juvenile (0.5 g) fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). Two experiments were conducted in which juvenile minnows were exposed to various sublethal Cu concentrations for 16 d. In the first experiment, fish were exposed to one of four different Cu concentrations (0, 73, 118, 189 μg/L Cu) then challenged with an 8-d exposure at 302 μg Cu/L. Only the fish exposed to the highest Cu dose experienced enhanced Cu tolerance relative to the other three doses. In the second experiment, whole body Na + was monitored in fish exposed to one of five different Cu exposures (0, 70, 127, 202, 289 μg/L Cu). Fish exposed to 70 μg/L Cu did not experience a significant decline in whole body Na + at any point during the 16-d exposure period. The reduction in whole body Na + was short lived and moderate (17%) in the fish exposed to 127 μg/L Cu, but more severe (>30%) and longer lasting in the fish exposed to 202 μg/L Cu. At 289 μg/L Cu, the fish experienced irreversible reductions in whole body Na + and ultimately died. When taken together, results from these two experiments suggest that enhanced tolerance will only develop in fathead minnows that have experienced a pronounced, relatively long-term cycle of branchial damage and repair.

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Effects of copper on branchial ionoregulation in the rainbow trout,Salmo gairdneri Richardson

Cited by 265 publications

References 30 publications

Hematological and physiological changes induced by short-term exposure to copper in the freshwater fish, Prochilodus scrofa

Hematological and physiological changes induced by short-term exposure to copper in the freshwater fish, Prochilodus scrofa

Histopathological changes in liver and gill epithelium of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, exposed to waterborne copper

Copper acclimation in juvenile fathead minnows: Is a cycle of branchial damage and repair necessary?

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