Effects of Copper Sources and Levels on Lipid Profiles, Immune Parameters, Antioxidant Defenses, and Trace Element Residues in Broilers

Wu, Xuezhuang; Zhu, Mingxia; Jiang, Qi; Wang, Lixin

doi:10.1007/s12011-019-01753-z

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In the current study, the highest supplemental Cu level investigated increased 14% Cu concentration in liver compared with control. These outcomes support previous findings that Cu supplementation influences liver Cu storage in broilers [ 32 , 34 , 36 , 39 – 41 ]. The liver is the primary Cu storage organ, being responsible for regulating this mineral's status in the body [ 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Similarly, Wu et al [ 34 ] did not notice differences in Cu concentration in the breast muscle and liver of broilers fed diets with at 0, 10 and 20 mg/kg as copper sulphate, tribasic copper chloride or Cu-methionine. Nonetheless, as expected, we noticed a linear increase in chick liver Cu concentration as Cu supplementation increased.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…We hypothesized that trace mineral source and copper levels may provide different responses in animal growth, mineral concentration, antioxidant status and gene expression depending on the source of the other trace minerals added to the diet. Due to Cu antimicrobial effects, researchers have put efforts towards investigating dietary Cu supplementation at levels that exceed requirements [ 28 , 32 , 33 ], including pharmacological levels [ 34 , 35 ]. Nonetheless, not so much has been done to determine broiler requirements for inorganic sources and organic Cu in feeds supplemented with inorganic and organic trace minerals, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Broiler responses to copper levels and sources: growth, tissue mineral content, antioxidant status and mRNA expression of genes involved in lipid and protein metabolism

et al. 2022

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Background Five hundred 8-d old male broilers Cobb500 were randomly allotted into 10 treatments in factorial arrangement with 5 Cu levels (0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 mg/kg), and 2 sources (Cu proteinate, CuPro and Cu sulphate, CuSO4.5H2O) for a 10-d-experiment. Results Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was better (P < 0.05) in CuPro fed chicks compared with CuSO4.5H2O group. Average daily feed intake (ADFI) decreased linearly (P < 0.05) as dietary Cu increased. A quadratic response (P < 0.05) to Cu levels was found for FCR, being optimized at 9.87 and 8.84 mg Cu/kg in CuPro and CuSO4.5H2O diets, respectively. Copper supplementation linearly increased liver Cu content (P < 0.05) and tended to linearly increase (P = 0.07) phosphorus (P) and copper in tibia. Manganese and zinc were higher (P < 0.05) in tibia of CuPro fed birds. Broilers fed CuPro exhibited lower liver iron (P < 0.05) content, lower activities of Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) in breast muscle and liver, and glutathione peroxidase in liver. Glutathione peroxidase reduced linearly (P < 0.05) with CuPro levels and increased linearly (P < 0.05) with CuSO4.5H2O levels and were lower (P < 0.05) in all CuPro levels in breast muscle. Breast muscle malondialdehyde concentration tended to be higher (P = 0.08) in broilers fed CuSO4.5H2O. Copper levels linearly increased (P < 0.05) metallothionein (MT) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) expression in liver, and six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate-1 (STEAP-1) in the intestine. Copper elicited a quadratic response (P < 0.050) in AKT-1 and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in breast muscle, CuZnSOD in liver and antioxidant 1 copper chaperone (ATOX 1) in intestine. Broilers fed CuPro exhibited higher mRNA expression of mTOR in muscle breast and lower CuZnSOD in liver and ATOX 1 in intestine. Interaction (P < 0.05) between levels and sources was found in mRNA expression for GSK-3β, MT, and CuZnSOD in breast muscle, FAS and LPL in liver and MT and CTR1 in intestine. Conclusions CuPro showed beneficial effects on feed conversion and bone mineralization. Organic and inorganic Cu requirements are 9.87 and 8.84 mg Cu/kg, respectively.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Broiler responses to copper levels and sources: growth, tissue mineral content, antioxidant status and mRNA expression of genes involved in lipid and protein metabolism

et al. 2022

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“…Our findings were consistent with Bakalli et al [ 79 ] and Idowu et al [ 71 ]. Moreover, Wu et al [ 80 ] noticed significantly lessened serum cholesterol and LDL-C levels in broilers fed 3 sources of copper (copper methionate, tribasic copper chloride, and copper sulfate) in the diet. The reduction in plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol in the blood of Cu-exposed chickens is due to fall cholesterol synthesis, high degradation, or excretion rates [ 81 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigating the Growth, Biochemical Changes, Genotoxic and Pathological Effects of Copper Toxicity in Broiler Chickens by Supplementing Vitamins C and E

Hashem

Hamied

Ahmed

et al. 2021

Animals

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This experiment was carried out to explore the efficiency of an individual or combined doses of vitamin C (Vit. C) and vitamin E (Vit. E) in alleviating biochemical, genotoxicity, and pathological changes in the liver induced by copper sulfate (CuSO4) toxicity in broiler chickens. Two hundred and fifty-one-day-old broiler chicks were haphazardly allotted into five groups (five replicates/group, ten chicks/replicate). The birds were fed five experimental diets; (1) basal diet with no additives (CON), (2) basal diets supplemented with 300 mg CuSO4/kg diet (CuSO4), (3) basal diets supplemented with 300 mg CuSO4/kg diet + 250 mg Vit. C /kg diet, (4) basal diets supplemented with 300 mg CuSO4/kg diet +250 mg Vit. E /kg diet, (5) basal diets supplemented with 300 mg CuSO4/kg diet + 250 mg Vit. C /kg diet + 250 mg Vit. E /kg diet for six weeks. The results displayed that CuSO4-intoxicated birds had significantly (p < 0.05) decreased bodyweight, weight gain, and feed intake with increased feed conversion ratio from the 2nd week till the 6th week compared with the CON. However, these changes were minimized by single or combined supplementation of vitamin C and E. The FCR was insignificantly different in birds-fed diets complemented with vitamin C and E singly or in combination from the 3rd week of age compared to the CON. Serum aminotransferases (ALT, AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were elevated in CuSO4-intoxicated birds (p < 0.05). Additionally, they showed a drop in serum total protein (TP), albumin, globulins, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels compared to the CON (p < 0.05). Concomitantly, histopathological and DNA changes were perceived in the liver of CuSO4-intoxicated birds. Co-supplementation of Vit. C and Vit. E single-handedly or combined with CuSO4-intoxicated chickens enhanced the performance traits and abovementioned changes, especially with those given combinations of vitamins. From the extant inquiry, it could be established that supplementation of vitamin C and E was beneficial for mitigating the harmful effects of CuSO4 toxicity on growth performance and liver histoarchitecture in broiler chickens.

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“…Cu requirement in broiler chickens was increased to 16 mg/kg, as suggested by Aviagen [6]. However, the requirement level of Cu level in broilers has shown diverse effects on the growth performance and physiological function of Cu, as Cu absorption is dependent on the Cu source [7,8,9,10]. CuSO 4 as traditional Cu additives in industry practice has high solubility that releases reactive free Cu ions quickly in upper gastrointestinal track, which is likely to cause Cu ions to combine with antinutrients [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hot-melt extruded copper sulfate affects the growth performance, meat quality, and copper bioavailability of broiler chickens

et al. 2022

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Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the supplementation of diets of broiler chickens with hot-melt extruded CuSO 4 (HME-Cu) on their growth performance, nutrient digestibility, gut microbiota, small intestinal morphology, meat quality, and copper (Cu) bioavailability.Methods: A total of 225 broilers (Ross 308), one-day old and initial weight 39.14 g, were weighed and distributed between 15 cages (15 birds per cage) in a completely randomized experimental design with 3 treatments (diets) and 5 replicates per treatment. Cages were allotted to three treatments including control (without supplemental Cu), IN-Cu (16 mg/kg of CuSO 4 ), and HME-Cu (16 mg/kg of HME processed CuSO 4 ). Results: The HME-Cu treatment tended to increase the overall body weight gain (BWG) (p<0.10). The apparent digestibility of Cu was increased by supplementation of HME-Cu at phase 2 (p<0.05). The Escherichia coli (E. coli) count in cecum tended to decrease with the supplementation with Cu (p<0.10). In addition, the HME-Cu treatment had a higher pH of breast meat than the control and IN-Cu treatments (p<0.05). Significant increases in the cooking loss (CL), water-holding capacity (WHC), and lightness in the breast were observed in the HME-Cu treatment compared to the control (p<0.05). The Cu content of excreta increased with the Cu supplementation (p<0.05). The concentration of excreta Cu in broilers was decreased in the HME-Cu compared to the IN-Cu in phase 2 (p<0.05). The Cu concentration in the liver was increased with the HME-Cu supplementation, compared with the control diets (p<0.05). Conclusion:This study showed that HME-Cu supplementation at the requirement level (16 mg/kg diets) in broiler diets did not affect the growth performance and the physiological function of Cu in broilers. However, supplementation of Cu in HME form improved the meat quality and the bioavailability of Cu.

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Effects of Copper Sources and Levels on Lipid Profiles, Immune Parameters, Antioxidant Defenses, and Trace Element Residues in Broilers

Cited by 12 publications

References 36 publications

Broiler responses to copper levels and sources: growth, tissue mineral content, antioxidant status and mRNA expression of genes involved in lipid and protein metabolism

Broiler responses to copper levels and sources: growth, tissue mineral content, antioxidant status and mRNA expression of genes involved in lipid and protein metabolism

Mitigating the Growth, Biochemical Changes, Genotoxic and Pathological Effects of Copper Toxicity in Broiler Chickens by Supplementing Vitamins C and E

Hot-melt extruded copper sulfate affects the growth performance, meat quality, and copper bioavailability of broiler chickens

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