Effects of corticosteroids on liver transaminases in two salmonids, the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii) and the brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)

Freeman, H. C.; Idler, D. R.

doi:10.1016/0016-6480(73)90131-7

Cited by 79 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Similarly, no differences were observed in clinical chemistry parameters of the resulting offspring. Cortisol has been identified as one of the principal steroid hormones in spawning salmonids (Idler et al 1964), and corticosteroids play a vital role in the catabolism of protein for delivery of metabolic energy in salmonids (Freeman & Idler 1973). Female salmonids generally have higher levels of cortisol than males (Idler et al 1959, Folmar 1993, Berg et al 2004, and this was observed in the current study as well (Table 2).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Effect of Ichthyophonus on blood plasma chemistry of spawning Chinook salmon and their resulting offspring in a Yukon River tributary

Floyd-Rump

Horstmann-Dehn²,

Atkinson³

et al. 2017

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Ichthyophonus is a protozoan parasite of Alaska Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. In this study, we determined whether spawning Chinook salmon in the Yukon River drainage exhibited a measurable stress response (i.e. elevated plasma cortisol concentrations) and detectable changes in selected blood plasma chemistry parameters when infected with Ichthyophonus. The resulting alevin were also analyzed for any differences in blood plasma chemistry caused by parental infection with Ichthyophonus. In 2010, spawning adult Chinook salmon were collected from the Salcha River, Alaska, USA, and the prevalence of Ichthyophonus in these fish was 7.8, 6.3, and 8.3%, respectively. Fish with no clinical signs of Ichthyophonus and Ichthyophonus-positive parents were cross-fertilized to investigate potential second-generation effects as a result of Ichthyophonus infection. We found no significant difference in cortisol concentrations in blood plasma between Ichthyophonus-positive and -negative adults or between alevin from Ichthyophonus-positive and -negative parents. There were no significant differences in blood plasma parameters (e.g. alanine aminotransferase, creatine kinase, glucose) of Ichthyophonus-negative and -positive adults, with the exception of aspartate aminotransferase, which was significantly higher in plasma of Ichthyophonus-negative adults. All clinical chemistry parameters for alevin resulting from both Ichthyophonus-negative and -positive parents were not significantly different. Based on this study, which has a limited sample size and low prevalence of Ichthyophonus, offspring of Chinook salmon appear to suffer no disadvantage as a result of Ichthyophonus infection in their parents on the Salcha River.KEY WORDS: Oncorhynchus tshawytscha · Protozoan · Parasite · Yukon River · Salcha River · Cortisol concentration · Clinical blood chemistry Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 122: [223][224][225][226][227][228][229][230][231][232][233][234][235][236] 2017 by up to 50% (JTC 2011(JTC , 2013(JTC , 2014. In 2014, all Chinook salmon harvest, including subsistence, was closed on the Yukon River. In 2015, the run was still below the historical average, but escapement into Canada was met and some subsistence fishing was allowed (ADF&G 2015). While the ultimate cause(s) for the continued run failures of Chinook salmon remain unknown, infectious diseases play a role in some other salmon population declines (Kocan et al. 2004. Disease may be a contributing factor, either due to pathogen-induced mortality, reduced fecundity, or the inability of Chinook salmon to successfully migrate and spawn.Ichthyophonus is a marine-derived protozoan parasite infecting a variety of marine and anadromous fish species, including salmonids (McVicar 1999, Kocan et al. 2004, Tierney & Farrell 2004, Gavryuseva 2007. This parasite was identified in the mid1980s after fishers reported white papules on the heart, liver, and musculature of Chinook salmon returning to spawn...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Effect of Ichthyophonus on blood plasma chemistry of spawning Chinook salmon and their resulting offspring in a Yukon River tributary

Floyd-Rump

Horstmann-Dehn²,

Atkinson³

et al. 2017

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…This may influence comparisons of the data from the present study with those of other investigations. The only directly comparable studies on salmonid fish of which we are aware are those of Robertson et al (1963), Hill & Fromm (1968, Freeman & Idler (1973) and Hansson & Lidman (1978).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Administration of cortisol to brown trout, Salmo trutta L., and its effects on the susceptibility to Saprolegnia infection and furunculosis

Pickering

Duston

1983

Journal of Fish Biology

180

102

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Oral administration and intraperitoneal implantation can be used to administer cortisol to the brown trout. Both techniques produce a dose-dependent increase in plasma cortisol concentration and the experimental procedures reduce the stress response in control fish to a minimum level. The plasma levels of the steroid are within the physiological range for the fish and the time of the response to acute oral administration is similar to that for such stresses as crowding, pollution and confinement. The evidence strongly indicates that elevated cortisol levels can significantly increase the susceptibility of salmonid fish to a wide range of infectious diseases including furunculosis and fungal infection. The present study has shown that this can occur at cortisol levels within the normal physiological range of the fish.

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“…Studies involving steroid injections (Storer, 1967;Dave et af., 1979) or implants (Freeman & Idler, 1973) have demonstrated concomitant increases in plasma. However, the doses were usually much larger than those given here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Freeman & Idler (1973), who implanted cortisol and cortisone pellets in the abdominal cavities of trout, found that cortisol promoted a weight loss twice as great as the loss suffered by the cortisone-treated and control fish.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Growth, body composition and hepatic tyrosine aminotransferase activity in cortisol‐fed channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque

Davis

Torrance

Parker

et al. 1985

Journal of Fish Biology

110

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Metabolic consequences of chronic elevation of cortisol in the diet of yearling channel catfish, Irtalurus punciaius, were studied. Cortisol was incorporated into the diet in concentrations of 1, 10, 50 and lOOpg/g of food. This diet was offered at 3% of the body weight per day for 10 weeks. Fish were individually weighed and measured at 2-week intervals and feeding rates were adjusted. Body weight, liposomatic index and condition factor were significantly lower and food conversion was significantly higher in fish fed 50 or 100 pg cortisol/g of food when compared with controls. The hepatosomatic index of fish fed cortisol at the rate of lOOpg/g of food decreased significantly. Specific activity of hepatic tyrosine aminotransferase was significantly higher at the two highest cortisol doses. Long-term cortisol administration can reduce growth and condition factor by activating gluconeogenic mechanisms in which lipids and amino acids, rather than carbohydrates, are used for energy production. The metabolic effects of exogenous cortisol in this study offer an explanation for the decreased growth of fish under conditions that activate the secretion of endogenous cortisol.

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Effects of corticosteroids on liver transaminases in two salmonids, the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii) and the brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)

Cited by 79 publications

References 23 publications

Effect of Ichthyophonus on blood plasma chemistry of spawning Chinook salmon and their resulting offspring in a Yukon River tributary

Effect of Ichthyophonus on blood plasma chemistry of spawning Chinook salmon and their resulting offspring in a Yukon River tributary

Administration of cortisol to brown trout, Salmo trutta L., and its effects on the susceptibility to Saprolegnia infection and furunculosis

Growth, body composition and hepatic tyrosine aminotransferase activity in cortisol‐fed channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque

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