Effects of COVID-19 lockdown on PM10 composition and sources in the Rome Area (Italy) by elements' chemical fractionation-based source apportionment

Massimi, Lorenzo; Pietrodangelo, Adriana; Frezzini, Maria Agostina; Ristorini, Martina; Francesco, Nayma De; Sargolini, Tiziana; Amoroso, Antonio; Giosa, Alessandro Di; Canepari, Silvia; Perrino, Cinzia

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2021.105970

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…The results obtained here with regard to the chemical composition are in line with those seen in the work of Massimi et al (2022), who assessed the impact of the lockdown in the city of Rome, considering three different sites in terms of position and type; taking into account the variability between the sites, the same variations were found between the periods before and during the lockdown, especially for elements from anthropogenic sources.…”

Section: Changes In Chemical Compositionsupporting

confidence: 88%

PM₁₀ variation, composition, and source analysis in Tuscany (Italy) following the COVID-19 lockdown restrictions

Giardi

Nava

Calzolai³

et al. 2022

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. To control the spread of COVID-19, exceptional restrictive measures were taken in March 2020 that imposed a radical change on the lifestyle of millions of citizens around the world, albeit for a short period. The national lockdown, which lasted from 10 March to 18 May 2020 in Italy, was a unique opportunity to observe the variation in air quality in urban environments under conditions comprising almost total traffic restriction and a strong reduction in work activities. In this paper, the data from 17 urban monitoring sites in Tuscany are presented, and the PM and NO2 concentrations in the 2 months before the start of the lockdown and the 2 months after lockdown are compared with the corresponding months of the previous 3 years. The results show that the total loads of PM2.5 and PM10 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.5 and 10 µm, respectively) decreased, but they did not exhibit significant changes compared to previous years, whereas NO2 underwent a drastic reduction. For three of these sites, the chemical composition of the collected samples was measured using thermal–optical techniques, ion chromatography, and particle-induced X-ray emission analysis, and the application of multivariate positive matrix factorization analysis also allowed for PM10 source identification and apportionment. Using these analyses, it was possible to explain the low sensitivity of PM10 to the lockdown effects as being due to different, sometimes inverse, behaviors of the different sources that contribute to PM. The results clearly indicate a decline in pollution levels related to urban traffic and an increase in the concentration of sulfate for all sites during the lockdown period.

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Section: Changes In Chemical Compositionsupporting

confidence: 88%

PM₁₀ variation, composition, and source analysis in Tuscany (Italy) following the COVID-19 lockdown restrictions

Giardi

Nava

Calzolai³

et al. 2022

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…3 . Event 1 was transported from Eastern Europe with a probable origin near the Black Sea area ( Massimi et al, 2022 ). It was associated with the circulation of air masses along the Adriatic Sea from north to south, particularly at low heights above sea level.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A source apportionment of PM 10 at three sites in Rome (central Italy) compared the changes in the contributions of the main sources before and after lockdown ( Massimi et al, 2022 ) showing a decrease of traffic source that lead to a considerable reduction in elemental carbon concentration, which is expected to behave similar to eBC because that is its counterpart optically determined ( Contini et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentration and size distribution of atmospheric particles in southern Italy during COVID-19 lockdown period

Conte

Dinoi

Grasso

et al. 2023

Atmospheric Environment

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“…This was probably due to the higher contribution of crustal dust to PM 10 . In fact, on that day, much higher concentrations of all the elements released in the insoluble fraction of PM 10 by resuspension of coarse mineral dust [59][60][61], such as Al, Cs, Fe, Li e Rb (Table 1), were recorded. It is well-known that OP AA predominantly responds to coarse particles [26,62], and it is assumed that a relevant contribution to the TOP was due to a higher contribution of soil dust on this day.…”

Section: Wsop Vs Topmentioning

confidence: 94%

A New Method for the Assessment of the Oxidative Potential of Both Water-Soluble and Insoluble PM

et al. 2022

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Water-soluble and insoluble fractions of airborne particulate matter (PM) exhibit different toxicological potentials and peculiar mechanisms of action in biological systems. However, most of the research on the oxidative potential (OP) of PM is focused exclusively on its water-soluble fraction, since experimental criticisms were encountered for detaching the whole PM (soluble and insoluble species) from field filters. However, to estimate the actual potential effects of PM on human health, it is essential to assess the OP of both its water-soluble and insoluble fractions. In this study, to estimate the total OP (TOP), an efficient method for the detachment of intact PM10 from field filters by using an electrical toothbrush was applied to 20 PM10 filters in order to obtain PM10 water suspensions to be used for the DCFH, AA and DTT oxidative potential assays (OPDCFH, OPAA and OPDTT). The contribution of the insoluble PM10 to the TOP was evaluated by comparing the TOP values to those obtained by applying the three OP assays to the water-soluble fraction of 20 equivalent PM10 filters. The OP of the insoluble fraction (IOP) was calculated as the difference between the TOP and the WSOP. Moreover, each PM10 sample was analyzed for the water-soluble and insoluble fractions of 10 elements (Al, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Li, Ni, Rb, Sb, Sn) identified as primary elemental tracers of the main emission sources in the study area. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on the data obtained to identify the predominant sources for the determination of TOP, WSOP, and IOP. Results showed that water-soluble PM10 released by traffic, steel plant, and biomass burning is mainly responsible for the generation of the TOP as well as of the WSOP. This evidence gave strength to the reliability of the results from OP assays performed only on the water-soluble fraction of PM. Lastly, the IOPDCFH and IOPDTT were found to be principally determined by insoluble PM10 from mineral dust.

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Effects of COVID-19 lockdown on PM10 composition and sources in the Rome Area (Italy) by elements' chemical fractionation-based source apportionment

Cited by 18 publications

References 79 publications

PM₁₀ variation, composition, and source analysis in Tuscany (Italy) following the COVID-19 lockdown restrictions

PM₁₀ variation, composition, and source analysis in Tuscany (Italy) following the COVID-19 lockdown restrictions

Concentration and size distribution of atmospheric particles in southern Italy during COVID-19 lockdown period

A New Method for the Assessment of the Oxidative Potential of Both Water-Soluble and Insoluble PM

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Effects of COVID-19 lockdown on PM10 composition and sources in the Rome Area (Italy) by elements' chemical fractionation-based source apportionment

Cited by 18 publications

References 79 publications

PM10 variation, composition, and source analysis in Tuscany (Italy) following the COVID-19 lockdown restrictions

PM10 variation, composition, and source analysis in Tuscany (Italy) following the COVID-19 lockdown restrictions

Concentration and size distribution of atmospheric particles in southern Italy during COVID-19 lockdown period

A New Method for the Assessment of the Oxidative Potential of Both Water-Soluble and Insoluble PM

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

PM₁₀ variation, composition, and source analysis in Tuscany (Italy) following the COVID-19 lockdown restrictions

PM₁₀ variation, composition, and source analysis in Tuscany (Italy) following the COVID-19 lockdown restrictions