Effects of COVID-19 on Anxiety, Depression and Other Mental Health Issues: A worldwide scope review.

Machado, Daiane Borges; Alves, Flávia Jôse Oliveira; Teixeira, Camila Silveira Silva; Rocha, Adalgiza da Silva; Araújo, Luís Fernando S. C. de; Singh, Amandeep; Barreto, Maurício Lima

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-58186/v1

Cited by 26 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Increased anxiety, apart from fear, symptoms of depression, and lower quality of sleep, was the most frequently reported mental consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic in the general population [75][76][77]. Similar findings were confirmed for health care professionals [78] and patients who had suffered from the symptoms of COVID-19 infection [79].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

The Association between Future Anxiety, Health Literacy and the Perception of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

Duplaga

Grysztar

2021

Healthcare

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Increased anxiety related to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in society and specific professional groups has been reported by many authors. Most have applied tools enabling assessing the general traits of anxiety. Tools specifically designed for an assessment of anxiety or fear related to COVID-19 have also been developed. However, no study has assessed the future anxiety in relation to the pandemic. This concept was defined by Zaleski in the end of the 20th century as the state of apprehension, fear, worry, and concern regarding unfavourable changes in the more remote personal future. The aim of this study was an analysis to establish the level and the determinants of future anxiety in Polish society related to the COVID-19 pandemic three months after the introduction of the state of epidemic. The analysis reported in the paper is based on the data obtained through a web-based survey carried out on a representative sample of 1002 Polish adults aged 18–74 years. The hierarchical linear regression model was developed for the analysis of the determinants of future anxiety from the responses to a questionnaire consisting of five items. The independent variables selected for inclusion in the model, apart from sociodemographic characteristics, encompassed health literacy (HL) and ehealth literacy (eHL), perceived health threat related to COVID-19 (PHTC19), and a COVID-19-related conspiracy belief score (CCBS) derived from three items asking about the most popular conspiracy theories. The regression model developed in the final step showed that the future anxiety scale score (FASS) was significantly associated with gender, vocational status, HL, PHTC19, and CCBS. The FASS was lower among men than women (regression coefficient (B) (standard error, SE) = −1.28 (0.39), p = 0.001), among entrepreneurs or farmers rather than among employees of the public or private sector (B(SE) = −1.55, p = 0.010), in persons with a higher HL (B(SE) = −0.43 (0.06), p < 0.001). A higher FASS was observed in respondents with higher rather than lower PHTC19 (B(SE) = 1.49 (0.17), p < 0.001) and in those with a higher CCBS (B(SE) = 0.33 (0.07), p < 0.001). The model accounted for 15.2% of the variance of the FASS. In conclusion, the COVID-19 pandemic is not only a cause of increased mental symptoms, but also of increased future anxiety. Health-related measures are significantly associated with the FASS.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

The Association between Future Anxiety, Health Literacy and the Perception of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

Duplaga

Grysztar

2021

Healthcare

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“…This occurrence was likely the result of the demographic composition of the colleges and departments targeted for recruitment [ 119 ]. Selection bias related to which students participated in the study questionnaire based on interest and access/availability is also possible [ 3 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A large number of studies support that the conclusion that the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and its corresponding disease (COVID- 19) have dramatically impacted people's mental health and behavior [1][2][3][4][5], with very few studies suggesting otherwise [6]. Mental health hotlines in the United States experienced 1,000% increases during the month of April, when most people were under lockdown because of the pandemic [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological impacts from COVID-19 among university students: Risk factors across seven states in the United States

et al. 2021

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Background University students are increasingly recognized as a vulnerable population, suffering from higher levels of anxiety, depression, substance abuse, and disordered eating compared to the general population. Therefore, when the nature of their educational experience radically changes—such as sheltering in place during the COVID-19 pandemic—the burden on the mental health of this vulnerable population is amplified. The objectives of this study are to 1) identify the array of psychological impacts COVID-19 has on students, 2) develop profiles to characterize students' anticipated levels of psychological impact during the pandemic, and 3) evaluate potential sociodemographic, lifestyle-related, and awareness of people infected with COVID-19 risk factors that could make students more likely to experience these impacts. Methods Cross-sectional data were collected through web-based questionnaires from seven U.S. universities. Representative and convenience sampling was used to invite students to complete the questionnaires in mid-March to early-May 2020, when most coronavirus-related sheltering in place orders were in effect. We received 2,534 completed responses, of which 61% were from women, 79% from non-Hispanic Whites, and 20% from graduate students. Results Exploratory factor analysis on close-ended responses resulted in two latent constructs, which we used to identify profiles of students with latent profile analysis, including high (45% of sample), moderate (40%), and low (14%) levels of psychological impact. Bivariate associations showed students who were women, were non-Hispanic Asian, in fair/poor health, of below-average relative family income, or who knew someone infected with COVID-19 experienced higher levels of psychological impact. Students who were non-Hispanic White, above-average social class, spent at least two hours outside, or less than eight hours on electronic screens were likely to experience lower levels of psychological impact. Multivariate modeling (mixed-effects logistic regression) showed that being a woman, having fair/poor general health status, being 18 to 24 years old, spending 8 or more hours on screens daily, and knowing someone infected predicted higher levels of psychological impact when risk factors were considered simultaneously. Conclusion Inadequate efforts to recognize and address college students’ mental health challenges, especially during a pandemic, could have long-term consequences on their health and education.

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“…In the United States the COVID-19 Impact Survey found that 34.4% of households with children ≤ 12 years old were food insecure in April 2020, compared with 15.1% in 2018 (7) . Further, multiple studies have found that the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns have negatively affected mental health in diverse contexts and populations (8,9) . Nevertheless, evidence on food insecurity and mental health in LMICs, particularly in Latin America, that compares rates before and during the pandemic are limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronavirus disease 2019, food security and maternal mental health in Ceará, Brazil: a repeated cross-sectional survey

Rocha

Sudfeld

Leite

et al. 2021

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective To quantify the change in the risk of food insecurity and maternal mental disorder (MMD) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design Repeated cross-sectional survey. Between July 17 and September 10, 2020, mother-child pairs who were enrolled in a population-based survey in 2017 were re-contacted by telephone for consent and to complete a telephonic COVID-19 survey. We used the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale to assess food security and the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) to assess maternal mental disorders. McNemar’s test for paired data that also accounted for clustering was used. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship of unemployment and receipt of government assistance with food insecurity and MMD in 2020. Setting Ceará, Brazil. Participants 577 mother-child pairs who completed the 2017 and 2020 surveys. At the time of the 2020 interview, the child cohort was 36-108 months of age. Results The proportion of mothers reporting food insecurity was 15.5% higher (95% CI: (5.9 – 25.1), p-value < 0.001) during the pandemic in July-August 2020 as compared to November 2017, while the prevalence of MMD was 40.2% higher during the pandemic (95% CI: 32.6 – 47.8, p-value < 0.001). Loss of formal employment was associated with increased risk of food insecurity, but not with the risk of MMD. Conclusions The risk of food insecurity and MMD in Ceará increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings highlight the need for policies and interventions to reduce the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and child health, nutrition, and well-being in Brazil.

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Effects of COVID-19 on Anxiety, Depression and Other Mental Health Issues: A worldwide scope review.

Cited by 26 publications

References 35 publications

The Association between Future Anxiety, Health Literacy and the Perception of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

The Association between Future Anxiety, Health Literacy and the Perception of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

Psychological impacts from COVID-19 among university students: Risk factors across seven states in the United States

Coronavirus disease 2019, food security and maternal mental health in Ceará, Brazil: a repeated cross-sectional survey

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