Effects of COVID-19 on Multiple Sclerosis Relapse: A Comprehensive Review

Topolski, Matthew; Soti, Varun

doi:10.5195/ijms.2022.1241

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Adnan Mujanovic, 1 Vincent Kipkorir, 2 Cesare Mercalli, 3 Arkadeep Dhali, 4 Purva Shah, 5 Camila Velandia, 6 Ciara Egan, 7 Mihnea-Alexandru Găman, 8 Juan C. Puyana, 9 Francisco J. Bonilla-Escobar. 10 Medical education has had a dependence on the foundation of scientific evidence in order to ensure the provision of the best patient care.…”

Section: The Ijms World Conference Of Medical Student Research and An...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One review addressed the possible relation between multiple sclerosis (MS) relapse and COVID-19. 8 MS patients are a vulnerable population for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), given the natural history of MS. This review sums findings of seven original studies published between 03/2020 -07/2021 and highlights the effects of COVID-19 on the blood-brain barrier and how this interaction reflects the exacerbation of MS. Interestingly, there have even been reports on increased rates of MS in previously healthy patients during this period.…”

Section: Post-covid-19 Pandemicmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The IJMS World Conference of Medical Student Research and an Overview of the IJMS Volume 10 Issue 2

Mujanović

Kipkorir

Mercalli³

et al. 2022

Int J Med Stud

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We introduce the first IJMS World Conference of Medical Student Research as a unique opportunity for medical students and early-career scientists around the globe to share the results of their research in an online worldwide platform, aimed at increasing accessibility to research for medical students and creating bonds of collaborations between participants and future scientists and leaders of medical research education. This is also the second issue of the 10-year anniversary of the Journal, and we describe in summary the published research and experiences of this issue.

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Section: The Ijms World Conference Of Medical Student Research and An...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Post-covid-19 Pandemicmentioning

confidence: 99%

The IJMS World Conference of Medical Student Research and an Overview of the IJMS Volume 10 Issue 2

Mujanović

Kipkorir

Mercalli³

et al. 2022

Int J Med Stud

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“…Patients with central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) can experience disease exacerbation or clinical relapse following SARS-CoV-2 infection [7,8]. In addition, it is expected that patients with underlying neurological disabilities might be prone to severe COVID-19 infection [9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the safety profile of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with MS, NMOSD, and MOGAD

Kim

Seok

2023

Neurol Sci

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Introduction Vaccination against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is recommended for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD). However, vaccine safety in these patients taking immunotherapeutic agents is unclear as they were not included in the vaccine trials. Objectives To evaluate the safety of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with MS, NMOSD, and MOGAD. Methods We reviewed the medical records of MS, NMOSD, and MOGAD patients at the Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital. Information regarding vaccination schedules and adverse events was collected. Results A total of 56 patients (19, 22, and 15 patients with MS, NMOSD, and MOGAD, respectively) with a median age of 48.18 ± 15.72 years (range, 16–81 years) were included. Of them, 42 (75.0%) were female. In total, 76.8% (43/56) of all patients were vaccinated, and the vaccination rate was the highest for NMOSD patients (81.8%) and the lowest for MS patients (68.4%). All vaccinated patients were administered mRNA vaccines at least once in single or multiple vaccination doses. Only 3 of 43 (7.0%) vaccinated patients experienced clinical relapse following vaccination. Facial sensory changes with a brainstem lesion developed in an MS patient taking dimethyl fumarate, while myelitis occurred in a MOGAD patient receiving azathioprine maintenance therapy. The first episode of optic neuritis occurred in a patient who was later diagnosed with MOGAD. Conclusions Our study demonstrated a favorable safety profile with no serious adverse events associated with COVID-19 vaccines in patients with MS, NMOSD, and MOGAD.

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Histological analysis of the spleen of rats immunized with SARS-CoV-2 S protein

Fomina,

Khramova,

Terentiev

et al. 2024

Russian Journal of Immunology

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SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to pathological disorders in various organs due to the ubiquitous of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which serves as a receptor for SARS-CoV-2. However, tissue damage may not only be the result of viral infection. SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to induce the production of autoantibodies to ACE2, and their presence is associated with disease severity. The spleen is one of the targets for COVID-19. The presence of ACE2 in the red pulp sinus endothelium cells of the spleen and in tissue-resident CD169+ macrophages positioned in the splenic marginal zone makes these cells a potential target of autoimmune reactions to ACE2 triggered by SARS-CoV-2. In addition, antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 S protein cross-react with a wide range of human tissue proteins and can cause tissue damage. The most common splenic pathologies in deceased COVID-19 patients are lymphocyte depletion and subsequent hemaphagocytosis. Since the spleen plays a fundamental role in the immune response regulation, splenic damage could be one of the causes of immune perturbations associated with severe COVID-19. To test the hypothesis of the autoimmune nature of COVID-19, we developed a non-infectious experimental model of autoimmune multiorgan damage caused by immunization with SARS-CoV-2 S protein. The purpose of this work was to study the spleen in rats with induced multiorgan damage caused by immunization with SARS-CoV-2 S protein, as well as the influence of pre-existing autoimmune disease on the severity of splenic damage caused by an immune response against S protein. Intact Wistar rats and Wistar rats with completed experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis were immunized with S protein in incomplete Freund’s adjuvant (IFA). Control rats received an injection of IFA. No changes were detected in the secondary follicles number in the spleen of rats immunized with the SARS-CoV-2 S protein. However, in the spleen of rats with previously induced autoimmune encephalomyelitis, immunization with SARS-CoV-2 S protein caused a significant decrease in the number of secondary follicles relative to the control group. Hemosiderin deposits and macrophage hyperplasia of the marginal zones of the white pulp were detected in both groups immunized with S protein. Thus, immunization with the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 causes changes in the spleen of rats similar to those detected in patients who died from COVID-19. Damage to the spleen is more varied and pronounced in rats with previous experimental encephalomyelitis.

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Effects of COVID-19 on Multiple Sclerosis Relapse: A Comprehensive Review

Cited by 3 publications

References 70 publications

The IJMS World Conference of Medical Student Research and an Overview of the IJMS Volume 10 Issue 2

The IJMS World Conference of Medical Student Research and an Overview of the IJMS Volume 10 Issue 2

Evaluation of the safety profile of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with MS, NMOSD, and MOGAD

Histological analysis of the spleen of rats immunized with SARS-CoV-2 S protein

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