Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Changes in Nutritional Status and Physical Activities of School-Age Children: A Scoping Review

Abstract

This study's objective is to review the consequence of the COVID-19 epidemic on physical activities, sedentary lifestyles, screen time, and changes in the nutritional status of school-age children. The outcomes of this study are intended to be applicable to obesity management in children. This study reviewed full-text articles and open-access publications on the sedentary lifestyle of children during the pandemic. and the data were analyzed using cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional designs. The results of reviewing 17 articles show that school-age children's physical activities and nutritional status have decreased, but their sedentary lifestyle and screen time have increased due to social restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Children's decreased physical activities are caused by the absence of a comparable replacement mechanism as that before the pandemic. Meanwhile, the increasingly sedentary lifestyle highly influences children's physical and mental health. Screen time has also increased and is unavoidable during the pandemic because children's activities were limited and their learning systems are switched to online learning; as a result, their supporting sedentary lifestyle increases while physical activities decrease. These factors have changed the nutritional status of children during the pandemic. These results support the idea that the pandemic will impact the health of school-age children, especially their nutritional status. This review concludes that it is important to establish policies that prevent children's further health effects, such as obesity, caused by COVID-19.

Assessment of Adult Individuals' Fear of COVID-19, Healthy Living Behaviors, and Nutrition Knowledge Levels during the COVID-19 Pandemic Period

“…The new coronavirus epidemic (COVID-19), which started in Wuhan, China, and spread worldwide, has led to a change in people's lifestyles (Nugroho et al 2022;Alothman et al 2021). Its high mortality rates, quarantine, social isolation, and worsening economy have caused widespread fear, stress, and anxiety .…”

Interplay between Children’s Electronic Media Use and Prosocial Behavior: The Chain Mediating Role of Parent–Child Closeness and Emotion Regulation

“…To mitigate the spread of the virus, educational institutions from kindergartens to secondary schools universally embraced online learning [ 2 ], thereby integrating electronic media deeply into children’s conventional living and learning paradigms. Research has highlighted a downturn in children’s physical and social activities during the pandemic, coupled with a noticeable increase in time allocated to electronic devices such as televisions, computers, and mobile phones [ 3 ]. Nagata et al discovered that adolescents’ average daily screen time soared to 7.70 h during the early pandemic period, markedly higher than pre-pandemic figures, within a cohort of 5412 U.S. adolescents aged 12 and 13 [ 4 ].…”