“…Although there are several studies relating substrate variation and algal growth, the effects of complexity have been scarcely investigated so far, especially for freshwater ecosystems (considering the surface architecture, in millimeter to centimeter scales) (Tonetto et al, 2014a(Tonetto et al, , 2014bOsório et al, 2019, for periphytic community). In this context, we aimed to assess the influence of different complexity levels of artificial substrates on the colonization of lotic microalgae.…”