Effects of crop load and time of thinning on the incidence of split pits, fruit yield, fruit quality, and leaf mineral contents in ‘Andross’ peach

Drogoudi, P.; Tsipouridis, C.; Pantelidis, Georgios

doi:10.1080/14620316.2009.11512556

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Pit hardening has been used for irrigation scheduling in peach (Chalmers et al ., ; Domingo et al ., ), cherry (Papenfuss & Black, ), nectarine (Thakur & Singh, ), and olive (Pérez‐López et al ., ; Gucci et al ., ; Hidalgo et al ., ). It has been a reference time for fruit thinning (Drogoudi et al ., ; Dag et al ., ; Roussos et al ., ) and the application of growth regulators (Agusti et al ., ; Stern et al ., 2007 a,b,c ; Zhang & Whiting, ; Dagar et al ., ) and phytosanitary products (Lykouressis et al ., ). For the olive tree, furthermore, pit hardening indicates the onset of oil accumulation in the fruit (Lavee & Wodner, ; Conde et al ., ) and the time from which the presence of developing fruits inhibits flower initiation the following year (Stutte & Martin, ; Fernandez‐Escobar, 1992; Andreini et al ., ; Dag et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fruit pit hardening: physical measurement during olive fruit growth

Rapoport

Pérez-López

Hammami

et al. 2013

Annals of Applied Biology

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In drupe‐type fruits, pit hardening, resulting from sclerification of the fruit endocarp, is widely used as a phenological marker for both physiological studies and orchard management. In spite of the importance of pit hardening for understanding fruit development processes and for agricultural practices, however, its quantification has remained obscure and precision has been lost with time and lax usage. In this study, we used a mechanical device to measure the physical pressure required to break the olive pit in order to define the timing of pit hardening more precisely and to permit closer observation of its relationship to fruit and endocarp growth and development. Over 4 years we found that pit‐hardening pressure increased following a sigmoid pattern, at first gradually but then with a large and rapid increment of change in a relatively short period of time. The rapid acceleration of hardening began at the time when pit longitudinal and transverse diameters attained their maximum size. That timing is consistent with the anatomical differentiation of the sclerified endocarp cells which can no longer expand nor divide. The results improve our knowledge of pit hardening and provide a more precise context for evaluating the metabolic costs, physiological interactions and genetic controls of stone fruit endocarp development. On a practical level, the association of the intensification of pit‐breaking pressure with the cessation of pit expansion indicates that pit diameters can be useful morphological markers to identify the onset of this period.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fruit pit hardening: physical measurement during olive fruit growth

Rapoport

Pérez-López

Hammami

et al. 2013

Annals of Applied Biology

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“…One example is the application of specific production techniques to increase fruit size, such as thinning, N 2 fertilization, and girdling of bearing branches, all of which may promote the occurrence of split pit (Claypool et al, 1972, Kubota et al, 1993, Nakano and Nakamura, 2001. However, in spite of efforts to identify the conditions for reducing split pit, including the optimization of crop load and the timing of thinning (Claypool et al, 1972;Drogoudi et al, 2009), the production of high-quality fruit with minimal split pit has proven difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Note that minor changes may be made before final version publication. tion of flesh tissue by pit fragments is also an extremely severe problem (Drogoudi et al, 2009;Evert et al, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nondestructive Detection of Split Pit in Peaches Using an Acoustic Vibration Method

et al. 2018

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Split-pit in peach fruit is a problematic disorder. Split-pit fruit cannot be detected based on external appearance, and contamination of fruit by split-pit reduces its reliability in the marketplace. Here, we demonstrate that split-pit fruit can be identified by a nondestructive acoustic vibration method and a unique approach based on the ratio of the third (f 3 ) to the second (f 2 ) resonant frequency. The response-resonant frequency spectra showed that the peaks of f 2 frequencies in split-pit fruit were shifted to much lower values than those in normal fruit, whereas those of f 3 frequencies showed only small shifts. The calculated f 3 /f 2 ratios in most normal fruit were in the range of 1.35-1.4, whereas those in split-pit fruit were 1.45-2.0. Analysis of more than 300 fruit samples revealed that by setting the f 3 /f 2 cut-off value at >1.45, 95% of split-pit fruit in the fruit samples were detected, whereas only 1.5% of normal fruit were missorted as split-pit fruit. A model for simulating the vibration properties of peach fruit was developed by using the finite element method. The simulated vibration patterns showed that f 3 /f 2 values were increased by the insertion of split pit, indicating that, at least partially, the observed high f 3 /f 2 values in split-pit fruit directly reflected split-pit occurrence. These results clearly demonstrate that the use of f 3 /f 2 ratios obtained using an acoustic vibration method can effectively detect fruit with split-pit. The possibility of installing acoustic vibration devices in peach sorting lines and the application of portable devices to unpicked fruit on the tree are discussed.

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“…Split pit, which is typically observed in peaches, is characterized by the splitting or fracture of the lignified endocarp along the suture line during fruit growth (Davis, 1941;Drogoudi et al, 2009;Evert et al, 1988;Miki, 1932;Ragland, 1934). Fruit with severe pit splitting can be thinning (Claypool et al, 1972;Drogoudi et al, 2009) and pruning (Burrell and Reighard, 2017;Fukuda et al, 2006), and girdling (Kubota et al, 1993). Cultivation practices that increase fruit size tend to promote splitpit occurrence and split-pit fruit have been shown to often be heavier than normal fruit (Claypool et al, 1972;Evert et al, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nondestructive Detection of Split-pit Peach Fruit on Trees with an Acoustic Vibration Method

et al. 2018

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Split pit in peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) fruit is an internal disorder that can have adverse effects on fruit quality and shelf stability. As it is difficult to distinguish split-pit fruit from normal fruit by appearance, a nondestructive detection method is desirable to determine accurately the timing of split-pit occurrence and remove unwanted fruit from trees. In our recent study, we used an acoustic vibration method for the nondestructive detection of split pit in harvested peach fruit. Here, we demonstrate that this method can be used to detect split pit in unpicked peach fruit. Time-course monitoring of growing fruit revealed that the ratio of the third (f 3 ) to the second (f 2 ) resonant frequency (f 3 /f 2 ), which is an indicator of split pit in harvested fruit, abruptly increased in unpicked split-pit fruit from early June to early July. In contrast, the f 3 /f 2 values of normal fruit remained low until harvest in late July. The increase in f 3 /f 2 values of split-pit fruit was observed in early June (stage II of fruit growth) and/or from late June to early July (stage III of fruit growth), suggesting that, at least under the experimental conditions in the current study, pit splitting occurred at these two different timings. Split-pit fruit detection rate at harvest increased towards the end of the second split-pit occurrence and split pit could be predicted with high accuracy thereafter. These results collectively suggested that the timing of split-pit occurrence in unpicked peach fruit could be predicted accurately by measuring f 3 /f 2 values and unwanted fruit with split pit could be distinguished from normal fruit on trees. We discuss the possible applications of the nondestructive acoustic vibration method in combination with fruit thinning and the future use of this method in research aiming to develop effective prevention methods or resistant cultivars with reduced split pit.

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Effects of crop load and time of thinning on the incidence of split pits, fruit yield, fruit quality, and leaf mineral contents in ‘Andross’ peach

Cited by 18 publications

References 22 publications

Fruit pit hardening: physical measurement during olive fruit growth

Fruit pit hardening: physical measurement during olive fruit growth

Nondestructive Detection of Split Pit in Peaches Using an Acoustic Vibration Method

Nondestructive Detection of Split-pit Peach Fruit on Trees with an Acoustic Vibration Method

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