Effects of Cross‐Cultural Training on Helper Response

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of cross-cultural training on participants' empathic response, attending behavior, and anxiety during interviews with a culturally dissimilar Black client. Thirty-one White graduate trainees in counseling were randomly assigned to treatmentho-treatment conditions; the treatment group was exposed to cross-cultural training. Trained judges rated videotaped excerpts of trainee performance on empathy and attending behavior variables; a self-report measure of anxiety was used. The overall results of the multivariate analysis of variance indicated no significant difference between treatment and control group trainees on the three dependent variables. The findings are examined and implications for cross-cultural training and research are discussed.

Normal-Mode and Free-Air Gravity Constraints on Lateral Variations in Velocity and Density of Earth's Mantle

“…The most prominent features of our density model appear near the CMB, where high-density anomalies are found in regions of mantle uplift beneath the Pacific and Africa. This observation is consistent with convection sirnulations where dense material piles up beneath upwellings because it is too heavy to be entrained in the uplift (36). Introduction of heavy core material into the mantle beneath upwellings can also cause such density anomalies (37).…”

The Effects of Supervisor's Race and Level of Support on Perceptions of Supervision

“…Christensen (1984) found that supervisees' empathic responses, attending behavior, and anxiety level during interviews with culturally dissimilar clients were not significantly different between a control group and a group receiving training on cross-cultural counseling issues. Cook and Helms (1988) reported that in cross-cultural supervision, supervisee perceptions of the supervisors' liking and positive feelings toward the supervisee were significant predictors for relationship satisfaction.…”

Cross‐Cultural Counseling Supervision: What do we Know? What do we Need to Know?

“…By virtue of the trainee's identification with the profession, supervisors can mistakenly assume that trainees identity with them culturally as well" (p. 198). Bernard and Goodyear (1992) brought their ideas together in a stage model for the development of cross-cultural awareness adapted from Christensen (1984). In this model, the supervisor's job is to help supervtsees advance by providing appropriate levels of challenge and support.…”

“…In the last 20 years, the literature on cross-cultural issues in counseling psychology has increased exponentially (Christensen, 1984;D'Andrea & Daniels, 1991;D'Andrea, Daniels, & Heck, 1991;Heath, Neimeyer, & Pedersen, 1988). General theories and models based on White middle-class male values have been challenged as inappropriate for American minorities who may not share the assumptions, norms, orworldviews of the majority, The growth of this literature, however, has been limited to certain areas within counseling such as cross-cultural counseling and assessment.…”