Effects of cross section design and testing conditions on the flexural properties of wood/PVC composite beams

Sombatsompop, Narongrit; Prapruit, W.; Chaochanchaikul, Kantima; Pulngern, Tawich; Rosarpitak, Vichai

doi:10.1002/vnl.20202

Cited by 27 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Most researchers have found that adding natural fibers, wood flour, wood pulp, sisal, flax, bamboo, sunhemp, pineapple, and jute into thermoplastics usually results in lower ultimate mechanical strength of the composites [14–23], although work has been done to improve the mechanical and engineering properties of such composites, including chemical surface treatments, reinforcements with glass fibers [24] and long natural fibers [25], reinforcement with nanofillers [26–28], and processing and die designs [12]. Méndez et al [14] found that the mechanical strength of PP decreased with increasing wood pulp content because of PP and wood incompatibilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical strengths of molten and solidified LLDPE/LDPE blends and wood/LDPE composites under tensile deformation

Harnnarongchai¹,

Sitticharoen²,

Intawong³

et al. 2011

Vinyl Additive Technology

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The mechanical strengths of neat low‐density polyethylene (LDPE), a blend of LDPE with linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE), and a composite of LDPE with wood flour (wood/LDPE) were investigated in molten and solidified states under tensile deformation. The results are discussed in terms of the effects of LLDPE and wood contents, roller speed, and volumetric flow rate. In LLDPE/LDPE blends, incorporating LLDPE from 0 to 30 wt% into LDPE caused a slight increase in drawdown force, a larger fluctuation in drawdown force, and a reduction of maximum roller speed to failure. The mechanical properties of the solidified LLDPE/LDPE corresponded to those of the molten LLDPE/LDPE with regard to the effect of LLDPE content. For wood/LDPE composites, increasing the wood flour content in molten LDPE caused considerable reductions in drawdown time and maximum roller speed to failure. The drawdown force increased with increasing wood flour up to 10 wt% before it decreased at the wood loading of 20 wt%. A number of voids and pores on the extrudate surfaces became obvious for the composites with 20 wt% of wood content. Increasing wood content enhanced the tensile modulus for the solidified LDPE but decreased its tensile strength. Unlike those of LLDPE/LDPE blends, the changes in tensile modulus and strength of solidified wood/LDPE composites with wood content did not correspond to those of the molten composites. In all cases, the drawdown force increased with increasing roller speed. The effect of volumetric flow rate from the extruder on the mechanical strengths of the solidified blends was more pronounced than on those of the molten ones. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical strengths of molten and solidified LLDPE/LDPE blends and wood/LDPE composites under tensile deformation

Harnnarongchai¹,

Sitticharoen²,

Intawong³

et al. 2011

Vinyl Additive Technology

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“…1. This die profile and the WPVC cross‐section were suggested by our previous work [18] to give relatively high mechanical properties. WPVC extrudates were solidified by passage through a cooling system and a size‐control device before collection for preparing test samples.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…After that, the PVC compound was dry‐blended with the wood particles by a high‐speed mixer for 2 min before they were melt‐blended in an industrial‐scale twin‐screw extruder (KMD‐90‐36, KraussMaffei Technologies GmbH, Germany) with counter‐rotating screws. The processing conditions (processing temperature and screw rotation speed) and screw configuration were similar to those detailed in our previous work [18]. A WPVC composite sample with three hollow cores was produced and its die dimensions are given in Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This work was deliberately aimed to continue from our most recent work on mechanical properties of WPVC composites that were manufactured by using an industrial‐scale twin‐screw extruder [18], which suggested that a cross‐section of WPVC product with a low number of hollow cores and thick flanges and webs was recommended for obtaining the optimum mechanical properties. Therefore, for the purposes of continuation, this present article aimed to extend the studies by investigating the UV effects on the properties of WPVC composites in conjunction with environmental or service‐related variables, such as condensation temperature and protection with a coating layer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of UV weathering and a CeO₂‐based coating layer on the mechanical and structural changes of wood/PVC composites

Pattamasattayasonthi

Chaochanchaikul

Rosarpitak³

et al. 2011

Vinyl Additive Technology

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Composite samples (WPVCs) of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and wood flour were prepared in the PVC:wood weight ratio of 1:1, and the mechanical and structural changes of the composites were assessed in terms of UV aging time and condensation temperature. Acrylic coating containing cerium dioxide as a UV absorber was used for moderation of the mechanical and structural changes of PVC in the WPVC composites. The experimental results indicated that the tensile and flexural properties of the composites monotonically decreased when the aging time was increased, the effect being more pronounced at high condensation temperatures. It was observed that the polyene and yellowness indexes of the WPVC composites increased with UV aging time. The hydrophilicity of the WPVC was quantified by contact angle results and found to increase with increasing UV aging because of hydrogen bonding between OH groups on the wood surfaces and water molecules. The acrylic coating containing CeO2 proposed in this work was sufficiently effective for maintaining the levels of hydrophilicity and mechanical properties of the WPVC composites. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers

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“…However, their strength is still limited. 4,5 Wood fiber can be used as an inexpensive filler material for recycled plastics, such as bottles and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe. Many researchers have focused on the characterization of various types of WPCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of rubberwood and palm oil content on the properties of wood–polyvinyl chloride composites

Ratanawilai

Lekanukit

Urapantamas

2012

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials

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Wood-plastic composites (WPCs) have been proposed as an alternative to natural wood due to their physical and mechanical properties. Development of these composites from natural fibers is receiving widespread attention partly because of growing environmental awareness. To dispose of produced waste from industry, low-value fiber resources could be converted into high-value products. This research studies the combination of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) to rubberwood (RBW) fiber, to palm oil trunk fiber, and to palm oil shell (POS) fiber. Composite performance optimization, material option comparison, basic engineering performance improvement, and durability of WPCs have been investigated. A two-stage process consisting of compounding and forming to produce WPCs using 40%-60% natural fiber reinforcements was carried out. Physical and mechanical properties of the WPCs were studied. The results showed that WPCs consisting of 60% RBW fiber and 40% PVC yielded the highest modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture, which are approximately 90,130 MPa and 433 MPa, respectively. The ultimate compressive strength with a value of approximately 316 MPa was achieved from 60% POS fiber and 40% PVC. Reinforcing 40% POS fiber in 60% PVC exhibited the lowest water absorption rate. The overall result indicates an improvement of engineering performance, making better use of industrial wastes and indirectly assists environmental conservation endeavor along the process.

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Effects of cross section design and testing conditions on the flexural properties of wood/PVC composite beams

Cited by 27 publications

References 31 publications

Mechanical strengths of molten and solidified LLDPE/LDPE blends and wood/LDPE composites under tensile deformation

Mechanical strengths of molten and solidified LLDPE/LDPE blends and wood/LDPE composites under tensile deformation

Effects of UV weathering and a CeO₂‐based coating layer on the mechanical and structural changes of wood/PVC composites

Effect of rubberwood and palm oil content on the properties of wood–polyvinyl chloride composites

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Effects of cross section design and testing conditions on the flexural properties of wood/PVC composite beams

Cited by 27 publications

References 31 publications

Mechanical strengths of molten and solidified LLDPE/LDPE blends and wood/LDPE composites under tensile deformation

Mechanical strengths of molten and solidified LLDPE/LDPE blends and wood/LDPE composites under tensile deformation

Effects of UV weathering and a CeO2‐based coating layer on the mechanical and structural changes of wood/PVC composites

Effect of rubberwood and palm oil content on the properties of wood–polyvinyl chloride composites

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Effects of UV weathering and a CeO₂‐based coating layer on the mechanical and structural changes of wood/PVC composites