Effects of crowding on the behaviour of juvenile hatchery and wild landlocked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

Fenderson, Owen C.; Carpenter, Morgan

doi:10.1016/s0003-3472(71)80096-9

Cited by 116 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The change in aggression observed in the present study is considerably larger than reported in previous laboratory studies. For example, studies of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and pumkinseed sunfish Lepomis gibbosus have reported differences of less than twelve times (Blanckenhorn 1992, Fenderson & Carpenter 1971, Keenleyside & Yamamoto 1962) over a range of densities comparable to ours; however, aggressive behavior was recorded prior to feeding in these studies. In a field study of Pseudofabrus celodotus aggression decreased by a factor of 150 between group sizes of 2 and 200, but over the range comparable to our study the difference was only seven-fold (Jones 1983).…”

Section: Group Size Pre-feeding Feedingsupporting

confidence: 49%

“…Several investigations have examined aggression in relation to density or group size (e.g., Blanckenhorn 1992, Fenderson & Carpenter 1971, Keenleyside & Yamamoto 1962, Magnuson 1962, Sale 1972) but most have examined only a limited range of densities [but see Keenleyside & Yamamoto (1962) and Jones (1983)]. Furthermore, the majority of investigations have studied salmonids (e.g., Fenderson & Carpenter 1971, Keenleyside & Yamamoto 1962, McNicol & Noakes 1984 with only occasional studies on other families including centrarchids (Blanckenhorn 1992) labrids (Jones 1983) pomacentrids (Sale 1972) cyprinodontids (Magnuson 1962) cyprinids (Gillis & Kramer 1987) and poeciliids (Farr & Herrnkind 1974).…”

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confidence: 99%

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The effect of group size on space use and aggression at a concentrated food source in blue gouramis, Trichogaster trichopterus (Pisces: Belontiidae)

Syarifuddin

Kramer

1996

Environ Biol Fish

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SynopsisWe examined how spatial distribution and the use of aggressive behavior by blue gouramis, Trichogaster trichopterus (Belontiidae), in the presence of a concentrated food source were affected by group size and by the short-term presence and absence of food. Gouramis aggregated in the area of the food source, and the frequency of aggressive acts per fish was higher for fish near the food source than for fish away from it. The frequency of aggressive acts per fish near the food source decreased with group size and was about 50 times higher in groups of 2 and 4 than it was in groups of 16 and 32. In group sizes 2 and 4, the frequency of aggression was unaffected by the presence and absence of food, but in larger group sizes aggression increased during short intervals without food. The mean proportion of time spent near the food source increased from group size 2 to group size 8 and decreased from group size 8 to group size 32 and was greater during intervals of food availability than during intervals in which food was not available. We suggest that gouramis adjust their relative use of contest and scramble competition according to the costs and benefits of aggression as determined by the number of competitors and by the potential for missed feeding opportunities. The average proportion of time spent in the vicinity of the food source appears to be influenced by both the rate of aggression and by the net rate of gain available.

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Section: Group Size Pre-feeding Feedingsupporting

confidence: 49%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of group size on space use and aggression at a concentrated food source in blue gouramis, Trichogaster trichopterus (Pisces: Belontiidae)

Syarifuddin

Kramer

1996

Environ Biol Fish

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“…Several researchers believe such an adjustment by salmonids is a reflection of increased requirements for food (Chapman, 1966;Fenderson & Carpenter, 1971;Wankowski & Thorpe, 1979) shelter (Mortensen, 1977) or survival (Keenleyside & Yamamoto 1962;Symons, 1974). It is important to note, however, that the morphological complexity of the bottom -not simply size of territory -is the deciding factor in determining density in a given area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Territory size and distribution of newly-emerged Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Gustafson-Greenwood

Moring

1990

Hydrobiologia

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“…In this sense, there are several studies on fish that address the effect of competitor density on the level of aggressiveness [Alana¨ra¨and Bra¨nna¨s, 1996;Hecht and Uys, 1997;Rubenstein, 1981;among others], and some of these show that aggressive interactions decrease when the groups are made up of a large number of individuals [Fenderson and Carpenter, 1971;Fleming and Johansen, 1984;Kaiser et al, 1995a;Keenleyside and Yamamoto, 1962;Sale, 1972;Syarifuddin and Kramer, 1996]. The level of aggressiveness has direct consequences on growth rates, and Brown et al [1992], working with Salvelinus alpinus, observed that the number of aggressive interactions decreased at high densities of fish at the same time as the mean growth of the individuals increased.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of competitor density on the aggressiveness of juvenile white seabream (Diplodus sargus cadenati de la Paz, Bauchot and Daget, 1974)

Caballero

Castro‐Hdez

2003

Aggressive Behavior

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The number of aggressive interactions displayed by juveniles of Diplodus sargus cadenati increases progressively in proportion to the number of intruders, with an upper threshold of more than 16 to 18 intruder fish. Beyond this density, resident aggressiveness decreases. The number of aggressive interactions that the resident fish devotes to expelling each intruder shows a clear and significant tendency to decrease as competitor density increases. The resident fish is incapable of rapidly evaluating the outweighing of its capacity for defense. Moreover, the strategy of aggressive defense of the resource against the density of competitors does not seem to be only profitability criteria dependent, but rather there is also a significant influence of the ability to fight shown by the resident. Aggr. Behav.

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Effects of crowding on the behaviour of juvenile hatchery and wild landlocked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

Cited by 116 publications

References 6 publications

The effect of group size on space use and aggression at a concentrated food source in blue gouramis, Trichogaster trichopterus (Pisces: Belontiidae)

The effect of group size on space use and aggression at a concentrated food source in blue gouramis, Trichogaster trichopterus (Pisces: Belontiidae)

Territory size and distribution of newly-emerged Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Effect of competitor density on the aggressiveness of juvenile white seabream (Diplodus sargus cadenati de la Paz, Bauchot and Daget, 1974)

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