Effects of Crude Oil Exposure on Standard Metabolic Rate of Leach's Storm-Petrel

Butler, Ronald G.; Peakall, David B.; Leighton, F. A.; Borthwick, J.; Harmon, Russell S.

doi:10.2307/1368924

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Although oil that was previously present on the feathers may have been preened and ingested, oil exposure can also occur from drinking and foraging on contaminated prey. A variety of adverse effects of oil ingestion without external oiling have been reported in numerous experimental studies [9,11,18,20]. Together these findings provide strong evidence that relatively modest oil exposure may cause hematologic injury in coastal and marine birds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Hematological indices of injury to lightly oiled birds from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill

Fallon

Smith

Schoch

et al. 2017

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Avian mortality events are common following large-scale oil spills. However, the sublethal effects of oil on birds exposed to light external oiling are not clearly understood. We found that American oystercatchers (area of potential impact n = 42, reference n = 21), black skimmers (area of potential impact n = 121, reference n = 88), brown pelicans (area of potential impact n = 91, reference n = 48), and great egrets (area of potential impact n = 57, reference n = 47) captured between 20 June 2010 and 23 February 2011 following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill experienced oxidative injury to erythrocytes, had decreased volume of circulating erythrocytes, and showed evidence of a regenerative hematological response in the form of increased reticulocytes compared with reference populations. Erythrocytic inclusions consistent with Heinz bodies were present almost exclusively in birds from sites impacted with oil, a finding pathognomonic for oxidative injury to erythrocytes. Average packed cell volumes were 4 to 19% lower and average reticulocyte counts were 27 to 40% higher in birds with visible external oil than birds from reference sites. These findings provide evidence that small amounts of external oil exposure are associated with hemolytic anemia. Furthermore, we found that some birds captured from the area impacted by the spill but with no visible oiling also had erythrocytic inclusion bodies, increased reticulocytes, and reduced packed cell volumes when compared with birds from reference sites. Thus, birds suffered hematologic injury despite no visible oil at the time of capture. Together, these findings suggest that adverse effects of oil spills on birds may be more widespread than estimates based on avian mortality or severe visible oiling. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:451-461. © 2017 SETAC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Hematological indices of injury to lightly oiled birds from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill

Fallon

Smith

Schoch

et al. 2017

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…The effects of contaminants on aerobic scope and metabolic rate have been examined in various invertebrate (Table ) and vertebrate systems, including fish (Claireaux and Davoodi ; Milinkovitch et al ; Cannas et al ), reptiles (Hopkins et al ; DuRant et al ), and birds (Butler et al ; Fildes et al ). Aerobic scope is calculated as the difference between maximum metabolic rate and basal metabolic rate (frequently measured as resting metabolic rate), and it determines the amount of energy available for nonessential biological processes (Clarke and Pörtner ; Figure ).…”

Section: Defining Bioenergetics‐aopmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioenergetics‐adverse outcome pathway: Linking organismal and suborganismal energetic endpoints to adverse outcomes

Goodchild

Simpson

Minghetti

et al. 2018

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) link toxicity across levels of biological organization, and thereby facilitate the development of suborganismal responses predictive of whole‐organism toxicity and provide the mechanistic information necessary for science‐based extrapolation to population‐level effects. Thus far AOPs have characterized various acute and chronic toxicity pathways; however, the potential for AOPs to explicitly characterize indirect, energy‐mediated effects from toxicants has yet to be fully explored. Indeed, although exposure to contaminants can alter an organism's energy budget, energetic endpoints are rarely incorporated into ecological risk assessment because there is not an integrative framework for linking energetic effects to organismal endpoints relevant to risk assessment (e.g., survival, reproduction, growth). In the present analysis, we developed a generalized bioenergetics‐AOP in an effort to make better use of energetic endpoints in risk assessment, specifically exposure scenarios that generate an energetic burden to organisms. To evaluate empirical support for a bioenergetics‐AOP, we analyzed published data for links between energetic endpoints across levels of biological organization. We found correlations between 1) cellular energy allocation and whole‐animal growth, and 2) metabolic rate and scope for growth. Moreover, we reviewed literature linking energy availability to nontraditional toxicological endpoints (e.g., locomotor performance), and found evidence that toxicants impair aerobic performance and activity. We conclude by highlighting current knowledge gaps that should be addressed to develop specific bioenergetics‐AOPs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:27–45. © 2018 SETAC

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“…Adelie Penguins (Pygoscelis D r a f t adeliae) with residual vegetable oil on their plumage had metabolic rates 50% higher than control birds, and the authors hypothesized that exposure to oil could lead to mass losses of penguins (Culik et al 1991). Butler et al (1986) dosed birds externally with 1.0 ml of crude oil and found no change in metabolic rate; however, birds were maintained in relatively warm temperatures during the experiment and were not exposed to water. Disruption of water repellence of feathers has greater implications for heat loss and thus metabolic compensation for birds that are on water or wetted after oiling as opposed to oiled birds in dry conditions (see Jenssen 1994).…”

Section: Metabolic Ratementioning

confidence: 98%

“…It is well known that large volume oil spills cause toxicological effects to marine birds, often resulting in death from acute toxicity or multiple sub-lethal effects (Balseiro et al 2005; D r a f t Briggs et al 1997;Briggs et al 1996;Burger and Tsipoura 1998;Esler et al 2000;Goldsworthy et al 2000;Golet et al 2002;Golightly et al 2002;Irons et al 2000;Khan and Ryan 1991;Parsons and Underhill 2005;Stubblefield et al 1995b;Wiens et al 2001). Ingestion of oil, from preening oiled feathers, drinking water with oil, or from oiled food sources, negatively impacts reproductive ability (Butler et al 1988;Cavanaugh and Holmes 1987;Holmes and Cavanaugh 1987), disrupts hepatic function Holmes 1981, 1982;, osmoregulatory function (Holmes et al 1978), increases metabolic rate (Butler et al 1986), causes anemia (Balseiro et al 2005;Leighton et al 1983;Newman et al 1999), and oxidative damage to red blood cells (Couillard and Leighton 1993;Newman et al 1999). Reproductive disruptions include increased embryo mortality, decreased hatchling success, and decreased chick growth (Butler et al 1988).…”

Section: Internal Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Offshore oil and gas, and operational sheen occurrence: is there potential harm to marine birds?

Morandin¹,

O’Hara

2016

Environ. Rev.

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Hydrocarbon discharges into the ocean, both regulated and accidental, occur from offshore drilling and production operations, and can result in oil sheen (≤3 μm thick) and slick (>3 μm thick) formation, potentially harming marine birds. Sheens may commonly occur around offshore oil and gas platforms in Atlantic Canada, however, there is little information on regularity of occurrence. Further, there are few direct studies on potential impacts of sheens, associated with offshore oil and gas operations, on marine birds. We reviewed potential sources and frequency of hydrocarbon accumulation on sea surfaces from offshore oil and gas operations in Atlantic Canada, and the likelihood of overlap with marine birds. We conducted a literature review on lethal and sub-lethal effects of low levels of oil contact and ingestion on marine birds, focusing on studies that describe measured dosages of oil. We extrapolated from these data on low-dose oil exposure to link possible effects to marine birds resulting from exposure to sheens. We found that sheens occur around production operations in Atlantic Canada at allowable levels of oil concentrations in produced water. Frequency and extent of occurrence cannot be estimated from current monitoring practices. While immediate lethal effects to seabirds likely are not common from external oiling of feathers from sheens, added stressors, such as cold weather, can result in external oiling from sheens having significant impact on seabird metabolic rate and can be ultimately lethal. Ingestion of small amounts of oil, doses that realistically could be expected from exposure to sheens, in some cases resulted in sub-lethal effects to adult seabirds, primarily affecting metabolic rate, sub-lethal health impacts, and reproductive output. Nestlings and eggs do not come in direct contact with sheens, yet these life stages are highly sensitive to oil, and transfer of oil from adults exposed to sheens likely is above tolerance levels at times. Negative effects to reproductive output from small doses of ingested oil could be causing undetected impacts on marine birds and marine bird populations. Lack of standardized monitoring of marine bird contact with sheens and potential harm makes assessments of magnitude and extent of impact problematic.

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Effects of Crude Oil Exposure on Standard Metabolic Rate of Leach's Storm-Petrel

Cited by 24 publications

References 9 publications

Hematological indices of injury to lightly oiled birds from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill

Hematological indices of injury to lightly oiled birds from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill

Bioenergetics‐adverse outcome pathway: Linking organismal and suborganismal energetic endpoints to adverse outcomes

Offshore oil and gas, and operational sheen occurrence: is there potential harm to marine birds?

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