Effects of Cryotherapy after Contusion Using Real-Time Intravital Microscopy

Lee, Hoseong; Natsui, Hiroaki; Akimoto, Takayuki; Yanagi, Kennichi; Ohshima, Norio; Kono, Ichiro

doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000169611.21671.2e

Cited by 50 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…By contrast, Gregson et al (2013) observed that 10 min of immersion in cold water (8°C) did not alter muscle glycogen resynthesis following endurance exercise. Several animal studies have demonstrated that icing after muscle injury reduces markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in muscle (Hurme et al, 1993;Lee et al, 2005;Carvalho et al, 2010;Puntel et al, 2011;Takagi et al, 2011). However, in partial support of our findings, Takagi et al (2013) found that icing attenuated muscle fibre regeneration and caused greater fibrosis 4 weeks after muscle crush injury.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there is a growing body of evidence from animal and human models highlighting a key role for inflammation in promoting adaptive and regenerative responses to muscle injury (Lee et al, 2005;Takagi et al, 2011;Paulsen et al, 2012). The eccentric component of traditional resistance causes micro-damage, localised inflammation and tissue oedema (Clarkson et al, 1986).…”

Section: Exercise Recovery and Cold Water Immersionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Key studies adopting this crush model include those by Lee et al (2005) and Takagi et al (2011). Both investigations reported an attenuation of the inflammatory response following ice application, notably by reductions in local and circulating leukocytes (Lee et al, 2005), and intramuscular macrophage infiltration, and insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and transforming growth factor-β1 expression (Takagi et al, 2011).…”

Section: Cold Water Immersion and Responses Following Resistance Exermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A decrease in blood flow might reduce the delivery of amino acids to muscle after exercise, which is important for protein synthesis and muscle repair (Fujita et al, 2006). Alternatively, it might assist muscle recovery by decreasing the infiltration of inflammatory cells (Lee et al, 2005), or restricting cellular metabolism and secondary ischemic or enzymatic damage in skeletal muscle (Merrick et al, 1999). Future research should investigate the effects of regular cold water immersion and other related cryotherapies on adaptation to chronic exercise training.…”

Section: O N T R a C T I O Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these studies have focused more on inflammation and oxidative stress, and have produced inconsistent findings (Lee et al, 2005;Carvalho et al, 2010;Puntel et al, 2011;Takagi et al, 2011). Considering the importance of the mTOR pathway and its downstream targets in regulating muscle hypertrophy (Bodine et al, 2001), more research is needed to determine whether cold water immersion influences these pathways during recovery from resistance exercise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cellular, molecular and physiological effects of post-resistance exercise cold water immersion: Implications for subsequent perofrmance

Roberts¹

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The objective of this thesis was to examine the efficacy of cold water immersion as a recovery therapy after resistance exercise. To achieve this objective, the research had two distinct aims, (1) to investigate how cold water immersion influences acute (short-term) physiological and performance responses following a single bout of resistance exercise, and (2) to investigate how regular (longer-term) use of cold water immersion following resistance training sessions may effect training-induced adaptation.Recovery following resistance exercise is a complex, multi-faceted process that can involve the combination of a variety of recovery therapies, all with the common goal of restoring physiological and psychological homeostasis. The timing of subsequent exercise bout(s) and the desired outcome from the preceding exercise bout will heavily determine the recovery duration, and whether emphasis is placed upon a single recovery therapy over another. Cold water immersion is a popular post-exercise recovery therapy with extensive use worldwide, largely due to its simplicity, and cost-effective nature of implementation. However, the use of cold water immersion is largely supported only by anecdotal evidence from athletes and practitioners. Little physiological evidence is available as to its mechanisms of action following exercise, both in acute, and long term settings.There is a paucity of physiological knowledge available regarding post-exercise cold water immersion per se, and this is accompanied with a disparity in the reported physiological and performance responses. The degree of disparity can be attributed not only to the use of cold water immersion protocols differing in e.g. temperature (5 -15 o C), duration (5 -20 min), immersion depth (individual limb(s) compared with whole-body) and application frequency (single compared with multiple post-exercise immersions), but also to exercise protocols with varied degrees of ecological validity.In a first experimental study, detailed in chapter 2, I investigated how a bout of active recovery (stationary, low-intensity cycling) compared with a 10 min bout of CWI at 10 o C performed after a single high-intensity resistance training session in influencing physiological and performance responses over a 6-hour recovery period. Large physiological responses were observed over the initial period of recovery that could be attributed to a decrease in central (cardiac output) and peripheral (muscle artero-venous) blood flow following cold water immersion. Despite such physiological responses, participants were able to perform more work during a resistance exercise training simulation exercise when cold water immersion was used. Therefore, a second iii experimental study, detailed in chapter 3 was undertaken to more closely investigate how performing cold water immersion or active recovery after resistance exercise influence physiological responses over the initial 60 min following the recovery therapy, and how these physiological responses correspond with exercise perf...

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