Effects of cultivation, washing, and bleaching conditions on bacterial cellulose fabric production

Abstract

This study aims to compare different conditions in the three-step (cultivation, washing, and bleaching) production of white bacterial cellulose (BC) fabric to introduce it as a new type of fabric in the textile industry. The BC fabric was evaluated on the basis of its surface morphology and chemical structure. The “production BC” after the cultivation step was cultured using glucose as the carbon source in the Hestrin–Schramm (HS) medium. It was produced with the highest production yield (33.2 ± 6.85%), the highest thickness (0.35 ± 0.09 mm), and the flattest surface (211 nm). The bacteria remaining on “washed BC” after the washing step were washed out using 3% NaOH solution, and the nanoscale network structure maintained its integrity after washing. The white BC fabric after the bleaching step was bleached using 5% H2O2 solution. The white BC fabric with the highest white index (73.15 ± 1.09%) without a natural yellowish-brown color was produced. In the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of the white BC fabric, the peaks of proteins and amino acids derived from the bacteria disappeared, while the cellulose I crystal structure was maintained. Also, X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the crystallinity of the white BC fabric increased compared to that of the control sample, and the highest crystallinity of 80.6% was obtained.

The Characteristics of Acetobacter xylinum Membrane Affected by pH of Culture Medium

“…Fig.2shows the X-ray diffraction pattern of BC with different pH level of culture media. The two major peaks appear between 14°-23° correspond to the (1 1 0) and (2 0 0) reflexion plane of cellulose I structure on bacterial cellulose [13]. The XRD pattern obtained at the peaks around 14°, 16° and 22°, confirms that the pure BC produced were semi-crystalline respectively.…”

Production of conductive bacterial cellulose-polyaniline membranes in the presence of metal salts

“…BC was produced according to the procedure reported by Han et al 26 and was then pre-treated by washing, bleaching, and swelling according to previously reported procedures. 26,27 Figure 1 illustrates the synthesis of the BC-PANI-metal salt membranes. First, pre-treated BC (2 cm  2 cm), aniline (2.5 mM), and the two types of metal salts (copper (II) sulfate and iron (II) sulfate) were added to a DBSA solution (2.5 mM) with a pH of 2.5.…”

Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) as a Template for Laccase-Assisted Oxidation of Aniline

“…The BC samples were produced and pretreated according to the methodology previously reported (Han et al, 2018). The Hestrin-Schramm (HS) medium was prepared adding glucose as carbon source (20 g/L), to a mixture of yeast extract and peptone powder as the nitrogen source (5 g/L each).…”

“…In addition, the BC samples were bleached with a 5% H 2 O 2 solution at 90 • C using a shaking water bath at 110 rpm for 60 min. After bleaching, the BC were dried in a drying convection oven (OF-21, Jeio tech Co.) at 35 • C (Han et al, 2018).…”

“…Samples were scanned in the range from 5 • to 40 • at a scan speed of 1/min. The crystallinity index (CI) was calculated from the height ratio between the intensity of the crystalline peak that is sum of crystalline area (I 002 − I am ) and the total intensity that means the sum of crystalline and amorphous area (I 002 ) after subtraction of the background signal measured without BC, following the equation (Lopes et al, 2014;Miyamoto et al, 2014;Mohammadkazemi et al, 2015;Han et al, 2018):…”