Effects of curing on polyamine content of leaves of Nicotiana tabacum L. genotypes with different alkaloids levels

Madsen, James P.; Bush, Lowell P.

doi:10.1021/jf00066a040

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…For example, compared to that of an unfiltered conventional cigarette, bidi smoke contained more CO, ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, phenol, volatile phenols, benz(a)anthracene and benzo(a)pyrene (Madsen, Bush & Gay, 1985;Rahman & Fukui, 2000;Severson, McDuffie, Arrendale, Gwynn & Chaplin, 1981). Furthermore, the delivery of nicotine in sufficient quantities to initiate and sustain dependence perpetuates the delivery of toxic components of smoke to the user.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine delivery from smoking bidis and an additive-free cigarette

Malson

Lee

Moolchan

et al. 2002

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

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The present study was conducted to determine whether smoking bidis, an additive-free cigarette, and conventional cigarettes caused similar biochemical, physiological and subjective effects. This was an open-label, within-subject design. In each session, subjects (n = 10) smoked a single cigarette: an unfiltered Natural American Spirit, an unfiltered Irie bidi, an unfiltered Sher bidi, or one of the participant's own brand. The presentation of the cigarettes was randomized. Before and up to 1 h after smoking, biochemical markers [plasma nicotine levels and exhaled carbon monoxide (CO)] and physiological effects of nicotine (heart rate and blood pressure) were measured. After smoking, subjects completed two standardized tests of cigarette liking and cigarette sensations. American Spirit (32.1 ng/ml) and Irie bidi (26.0 ng/ml) cigarettes increased plasma nicotine more than the participant's own brand (18.5 ng/ml). Subjects smoked longer and took more puffs to consume the American Spirit (452.8 s, 14 puffs) and Sher bidi (354.4 s, 14 puffs) than the participant's own brand (297.4 s, 10 puffs). In spite of differences in nicotine delivery, participants rated all cigarettes as similar in nicotine content. Overall, the results indicate that bidis and the additive-free cigarette delivered nicotine, CO and (presumably) other toxic components of tobacco smoke in equal or greater amounts than conventional cigarettes. These results do not support an emerging belief that bidi cigarettes are safer than conventional brands.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine delivery from smoking bidis and an additive-free cigarette

Malson

Lee

Moolchan

et al. 2002

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

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“…Methods. Individual alkaloids, nicotine, nomicotine, anatabine, and anabasine were determined by using the method developed by Severson et al (1981) and modified by Madsen et al (1985).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within the NC 95 maturation and curing samples, the correlation coefficients between the alkaloid precursors and the corresponding N-nitrosamine were nonsignificant for the end-of-yellowing samples. However, during curing the end of yellowing is a time at which TSNA precursors and perhaps TSNA concentrations are changing (Hamilton et al, 1982; Madsen et al, 1985), and consequently the correlations at this time may reflect this dynamic state and were nonsignificant. Correlations calculated from data obtained from cured samples should reflect static summation of associations in the leaf between alkaloids and TSNA formation during plant growth, maturation, and curing.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco-specific nitrosamine accumulation and distribution in flue-cured tobacco alkaloid isolines

Djordjevic¹,

Bush²,

Chaplin³

1989

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…Nitrate nitrogen was measured with an Automated Technicon Analyzer-System II by Griess reaction after Cd-Cu reduction of NO3™1 to NO2"1 (Technician Industrian Method 117-71A, Nov 1975). Individual alkaloids, nicotine, nomicotine, anabasine, anatabine and myosmine were determined by using the gas chromatographic method developed by Severson et al (1981) and modified by Madsen et al (1985). The values for total alkaloid represented a sum of the individual alkaloids.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%