Dâallose is a rare sugar which has been shown to have growth inhibitory effects in several kinds of malignancies. However, the effect of Dâallose on lung cancer progression has not been previously studied. To investigate the antitumour effect of Dâallose in lung cancer cells and its mechanism, human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines (squamous cell carcinomas: EBC1 and VMRCâLCD; adenocarcinomas: A549, HI1017, RERFâLCâA1 and NCI-H1975) were treated with Dâallose (50 mM) with or without cisplatin (5 ”M). Dâallose inhibited cell growth, particularly in EBC1 and VMRCâLCD cells. In combination with cisplatin, Dâallose had a synergistic growth inhibitory effect. Dâallose increased the expression of thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) at mRNA and protein levels. Dâallose decreased the proportion of cells in G1 phase and increased those in S and G2/M phases. For in vivo experiments, EBC1 cells were inoculated into BALB/c-nu mice. After tumourigenesis, Dâallose and cisplatin were injected. In this mouse xenograft model, additional treatment with Dâallose showed a significantly greater tumour inhibitory effect compared with cisplatin alone, accompanied by lower Kiâ67 and higher TXNIP expression. In conclusion, Dâallose inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation in vitro and tumour progression in vivo. In combination with cisplatin, Dâallose had an additional antitumour effect. Specifically, increased TXNIP expression and subsequent G2/M arrest play a role in Dâallose-mediated antitumour effects in NSCLC.