Effects of day-time exposure to different light intensities on light-induced melatonin suppression at night

Kozaki, Tomoaki; Kubokawa, Ayaka; Taketomi, Ryunosuke; Hatae, Keisuke

doi:10.1186/s40101-015-0067-1

Cited by 44 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In human saliva, some substances such as cortisol, melatonin, and amylase show clear daily rhythms 21 , 25 , 26 . Therefore, we examined the possible interactions between NE-induced salivary IgA secretion and these substances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian clock-dependent increase in salivary IgA secretion modulated by sympathetic receptor activation in mice

Wada

Orihara

Kamagata

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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The salivary gland is rhythmically controlled by sympathetic nerve activation from the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which functions as the main oscillator of circadian rhythms. In humans, salivary IgA concentrations reflect circadian rhythmicity, which peak during sleep. However, the mechanisms controlling this rhythmicity are not well understood. Therefore, we examined whether the timing of parasympathetic (pilocarpine) or sympathetic (norepinephrine; NE) activation affects IgA secretion in the saliva. The concentrations of saliva IgA modulated by pilocarpine activation or by a combination of pilocarpine and NE activation were the highest in the middle of the light period, independent of saliva flow rate. The circadian rhythm of IgA secretion was weakened by an SCN lesion and Clock gene mutation, suggesting the importance of the SCN and Clock gene on this rhythm. Adrenoceptor antagonists blocked both NE-and pilocarpine-induced basal secretion of IgA. Dimeric IgA binds to the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) on the basolateral surface of epithelial cells and forms the IgA-pIgR complex. The circadian rhythm of Pigr abundance peaked during the light period, suggesting pIgR expression upon rhythmic secretion of IgA. We speculate that activation of sympathetic nerves during sleep may protect from bacterial access to the epithelial surface through enhanced secretion of IgA.Mammals possess circadian clock systems that control various physiological phenomena such as body temperature, sleep-wake cycles, and liver metabolism 1, 2 . Circadian clock systems are organized by a central clock called the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) 3 , and by peripheral clocks located in many peripheral organs 4,5 . In addition to this system, biological functions of metabolism and the immune system are also known to affect circadian rhythms 6,7 .IgA is a type of antibody that works mainly in the mucosal immune system. It is abundant in the mucus of saliva and the small intestine 8 . Since plasma cells produce IgA in the salivary glands, there is a large amount of IgA in saliva. Therefore, IgA plays an important role as the first line of defense in oral immunity 9 . Monomers of IgA form dimeric IgA (dIgA) through the J chain. This dIgA binds the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) on the basolateral surface of epithelial cells and forms the IgA-pIgR complex. The IgA-pIgR complex is transported to the lumen from the basolateral surface. Proteolytic cleavage occurs at the apical surface, and a fragment of pIgR becomes a secretory component (SC) that binds dIgA. In this way, secretory IgA (sIgA) combines with other SCs, and free SCs are released. As a result, sIgA binds to luminal bacteria and prevents them from accessing the epithelial surface 9 . Therefore, a reduction in salivary IgA levels allows bacterial access to the epithelial surface and leads to various diseases such as upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) and periodontal disease 10 . A few studies demonstrated that salivary IgA concentrations display diurnal variat...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian clock-dependent increase in salivary IgA secretion modulated by sympathetic receptor activation in mice

Wada

Orihara

Kamagata

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…Melatonin has several actions including detoxification of free radicals, protecting various cells and tissues from the damaging effects of oxidative stress in medical disorders such as: ischemia/reperfusion injury (stroke, heart attack), ionizing radiation, and drug toxicity [4]. Since melatonin has the potent anti-cancer activity, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified night work shifts that suppress melatonin secretion (circadian interruption) as a possible carcinogenic factor (Group 2A) [5] [6] [7] [8].…”

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confidence: 99%

Light Pollution Associated with Delayed Sleep Time: A Major Hygienic Problem in Saudi Arabia

Ahmed¹,

Alogla²,

Ismael³

et al. 2017

JBBS

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Background: It was well established that exposure to nighttime light was responsible of a diverse negative health effect. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the epidemiologic exposure to artificial light at night time and negative health consequences that associated with prolonged nighttime lighting exposure. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional survey, involving a total of 266 Saudi residents living in the city of Hail, Northern KSA. Essential information regarding exposure to light at night time was obtained. Results: The overall incidence of nighttime light exposure in the present study was 65.8% for general population, was 61.5% males and was 38.5% for females. About 75.6% persons used to sleep for <6 hours and 36.8% individuals used to sleep on light exposure. Conclusion: Prolonged exposure to the light at nighttime is prevalent in Saudi Arabia. This exposure usually results from late sleep in the nighttime and the late awake in the daytime.

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“…Scientific literature has suggested light therapy in order to entrain the circadian rhythm, delaying or advancing the phase of the sleep-wake cycle. Several studies have reported that single pulses of bright light during determined times, are capable of generating important circadian alterations, 27,28 primarily caused by the entrainment of the core temperature phase or the suppression of the release of the melatonin hormone. 28 The application of light at the beginning of the end of the subjective night/ beginning of morning, promotes the temporal entrainment (delaying or advancing phase) of the sleep-wake cycle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have reported that single pulses of bright light during determined times, are capable of generating important circadian alterations, 27,28 primarily caused by the entrainment of the core temperature phase or the suppression of the release of the melatonin hormone. 28 The application of light at the beginning of the end of the subjective night/ beginning of morning, promotes the temporal entrainment (delaying or advancing phase) of the sleep-wake cycle. 8,9 In the present study, the athletes received light at the beginning of the subjective night (biological) with the intent of delaying the biological clock for the competitions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duration and Quality of Sleep in Sprint and Recovery Performances Among Elite Swimmers

Mello

Simim

Narciso

et al. 2020

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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Introduction: Circadian rhythms can impact athletes' sports performance, where the plateau occurs between 15 and 21 hours. Swimming is a peculiar case, as athletes perform training and final sessions in competitions at different times, as in the Rio2016 Olympic Games for example, where the semifinal and final competitions took place from ten o'clock at night. Objectives: (1) to present the protocol of an intervention performed with elite athletes of the Brazilian swimming team during the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio; (2) to find out whether the time at which the competitions were held affected the swimming performances of these athletes during the competition. Materials and Methods: Fourteen athletes of the Brazilian swimming team (males: n= 10; 71% and females: n= 4; 29%) participated in the study. They were followed up during two preparation periods (baseline and intervention) for the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio during June and July 2016. During the competition, we recorded the Reaction Time (RT) and Competition Time (CT) of each athlete in different modalities. The intervention strategies used were light therapy and sleep hygiene. The values of RT at the starting block and CT were registered and conferred with the official results. Results: The athletes showed a decrease in the total time awake (Δ = −13%; Effect size [ES] = 1.0) and sleep latency (Δ = −33%; ES = 0.7), and an increase in total sleep time (Δ = 13%; ES = 1.1; p = 0.04) between the baseline and the period of the intervention, pre-competition. We identified an improvement in the RT (Δ = −2.2% to −1.0%; ES = 0.2 to 0.5) during the competition only for the athletes who participated in the competition finals. Conclusion: We conclude that the intervention carried out was effective in mitigating any negative influence of competition time on the RT and CT of elite athletes of the Brazilian swimming team. Level of evidence II; Prospective comparative study.

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Effects of day-time exposure to different light intensities on light-induced melatonin suppression at night

Cited by 44 publications

References 37 publications

Circadian clock-dependent increase in salivary IgA secretion modulated by sympathetic receptor activation in mice

Circadian clock-dependent increase in salivary IgA secretion modulated by sympathetic receptor activation in mice

Light Pollution Associated with Delayed Sleep Time: A Major Hygienic Problem in Saudi Arabia

Duration and Quality of Sleep in Sprint and Recovery Performances Among Elite Swimmers

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