Effects of deer on the photosynthetic performance of invasive and native forest herbs

Heberling, J. Mason; Brouwer, Nathan L.; Kalisz, Susan

doi:10.1093/aobpla/plx011

Cited by 20 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…where A n is net assimilation rate (μmol CO 2 m −2 s −1 ), Φ is the initial quantum yield (mol CO 2 mol photons −1 ), PAR is the photosynthetic photon flux density (μmol photons m −2 s −1 ), A max is the maximum photosynthetic rate (μmol CO 2 m −2 s −1 ), θ is a dimensionless curvature parameter, and R d is daytime respiration (μmol CO 2 m −2 s −1 ). The parameters were estimated using non-linear least squares regression in R 3.5.1 (R Core Team, 2018) with code from (Heberling, Brouwer, & Kalisz, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drought‐Net rainfall shelters did not cause nondrought effects on photosynthesis for California central coast plants

et al. 2019

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Rainfall interception shelters are frequently used to study the ecological consequences of drought. One common shelter design employs V‐shaped plastic troughs spaced on a supporting frame to intercept rainfall. Shading, reflection, and infrared radiation may alter the radiative environment under shelters in ways independent of their intended effect on soil moisture. We measured microclimate and several photosynthetic variables for watered, potted plants under rain‐out shelters and in open‐air, unsheltered plots. We tested whether the shelter infrastructure altered aboveground micrometeorology and photosynthesis for watered, potted plants of native Californian species: Elymus glaucus, Eriogonum latifolium, Mimulus aurantiacus, and Morella californica. We quantified the effects on photosynthesis in terms of light harvesting by photosystem II (PSII) and leaf‐level gas exchange on open‐air and shelter plots, the quantum yield of PSII for darkened leaves, dark respiration, and nocturnal stomatal conductance. The rain‐out shelter reduced daily integrated photosynthetically active radiation by 20%. Air temperature, leaf temperature, and leaf‐to‐air vapour pressure difference were not different under shelters compared with controls during the day. Likewise, there were no effects of shelters on net CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance to water vapour (gs), internal leaf (CO2), or electron transport rate through PSII during the daytime. At night, Tair was 0.6°C higher under shelters, but there were no effects on dark respiration or stomatal conductance. Despite some differences in micrometeorology under rain‐out shelters compared with open‐air plots, there were little or no aboveground nondrought effects of the shelters on leaf‐level photosynthesis for watered, potted plants of these California native plant species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drought‐Net rainfall shelters did not cause nondrought effects on photosynthesis for California central coast plants

et al. 2019

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“…These disturbances can influence plant invasion success in forests (e.g., Vavra et al 2007;Nuzzo et al 2009;Liu et al 2016). For example, Heberling et al (2017a), found that both light levels and photosynthetic rates of the ENA herbaceous forest invader, A. petiolata (garlic mustard), are significantly higher for plants growing in areas where deer have free access relative to fenced areas where deer are excluded. Through their effects on leaf litter and belowground dynamics, Nuzzo et al (2009) found invasive earthworms facilitate the ENA forest herb invaders, A. petiolata and the grass M. vimineum, as well as native species composition.…”

Section: Biogeographic Patterns In Understory Herbaceous Invasionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbaceous invaders in temperate forests: a systematic review of their ecology and proposed mechanisms of invasion

et al. 2017

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We present a systematic literature review of exotic understory forest herbaceous invasions with a focus on the forests of East Asia (EAS) and Eastern North America (ENA), two dominant regions of the north temperate deciduous forest biome. We examined the biogeographic origins of herbaceous invaders in EAS and ENA forests, summarized their life histories and ecology, and compiled the relevant literature on the 10 leading mechanistic hypotheses proposed for these invasions. We asked whether invasions of EAS and ENA forests by herbs are shared between regions, and whether a common suite of ecological traits unite these invaders into a functionally distinct group. In a focused summary of the empirical literature, we investigated if leading hypothesized mechanisms for biological invasions at large are also invoked and supported for this ecologically important, but relatively understudied, group of species. In contrast to ENA, forest invaders in EAS are overwhelmingly herbaceous (78% of forest invasions vs. 34% for ENA) and originate from different regions. Plant families represented and species traits between regions differed. Within a single species, multiple invasion mechanisms were often supported, highlighting the need for future research that simultaneously investigates multiple mechanistic hypotheses. Further, because results for a single invader often differed across space and time, a shift in focus to incorporate the complex dynamics across temporal and spatial scales with the consideration of spatial heterogeneity and the interplays among natural and anthropogenic factors to study exotic invasions is needed.

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“…Here, we focus on Alliaria petiolata (Brassicaceae, hereafter garlic mustard), Odocoileus virginianus (Cervidae, white‐tailed deer, hereafter deer), and Trillium erectum (Trilliaceae, hereafter Trillium ). Garlic mustard is a highly successful allelochemical‐producing biennial herb that diminishes the abundance of fungal hyphae in the soil (Cantor, Hale, Aaron, Traw, & Kalisz, ), the function of root‐fungal symbionts (RFS) in the soil (Callaway et al, ), and reduces the physiological performance of RFS‐dependent plants (Brouwer et al, ; Hale et al, ; Heberling, Brouwer, & Kalisz, ; Rodgers, Stinson, & Finzi, ). This mechanism, rather than competition, is commonly recognized as the process underpinning its invasive success (Brouwer et al, ; Rodgers et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct effects of a non‐native invader erode native plant fitness in the forest understory

Bialic‐Murphy

Brouwer²,

Kalisz

2019

Journal of Ecology

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The direct role of non‐native plant invaders in driving negative population‐ and community‐level processes of native species has been recently questioned. Addressing this controversy requires determining quantitatively if invaders negatively affect native population fitness. Because the invasion of non‐natives often coincides with other anthropogenic stressors, experiments that partition the putative impact of non‐natives from other known stressors and assess their potential synergies are required. While many studies have examined the effects of non‐natives on components of native plant performance, studies that decompose the net fitness effects of non‐natives from other anthropogenic stressors on population growth rate are lacking. We used 6 years of detailed demographic data to parameterize a size‐dependent integral projection model to examine the individual and combined effects of an allelochemical‐producing invader (Alliaria petiolata) and an overabundant ungulate herbivore (Odocoileus virginianus) on the population dynamics of an understory perennial (Trillium erectum). We show that Alliaria consistently and negatively affects the population dynamics of Trillium. Specifically, this invader reduces native population growth rate and alters the size distribution of the population at equilibrium. Alliaria also works in concert with the known negative impacts of overabundant white‐tailed deer, illustrating the additive effects of anthropogenic stressors on native plant dynamics. Synthesis. Alliaria's effects on vital rates differed in magnitude and sign across the native's life cycle, highlighting the importance of detailed demographic analyses. Our study provides novel empirical support for the claim that non‐native invasive species can significantly and directly reduce the fitness of native plants.

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Effects of deer on the photosynthetic performance of invasive and native forest herbs

Cited by 20 publications

References 61 publications

Drought‐Net rainfall shelters did not cause nondrought effects on photosynthesis for California central coast plants

Drought‐Net rainfall shelters did not cause nondrought effects on photosynthesis for California central coast plants

Herbaceous invaders in temperate forests: a systematic review of their ecology and proposed mechanisms of invasion

Direct effects of a non‐native invader erode native plant fitness in the forest understory

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