Effects of Defaunation on Feed Digestibility, Rumen Metabolism and Blood Metabolites

Klopfenstein, Terry J.; Purser, D. B.; Tyznik, W. J.

doi:10.2527/jas1966.253765x

Cited by 81 publications

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“…Several authors have observed that defaunation increases the number of total bacterial population in the rumen by classical bacterial viable counts [19,22]. Our results, though not significant, suggest that total bacteria in the rumen tended to increase after defaunation and were in agreement with previous results.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effects of defaunation on microbial activities in the rumen of rams consuming a mixed diet (fresh Digitaria decumbens grass and concentrate)

et al. 2004

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-The effects of defaunation on microbial activities in the rumen of sheep given mixed diets (fresh Digitaria decumbens and concentrate) were studied. Eight faunated rams and eight defaunated rams, with ruminal cannula were used. Each animal was fed with 4 different mixed diets, Digitaria decumbens grass supplemented with 4 mixtures of Soya meal and ground maize. The protein digestible in the intestine (French feeding system, PDI) to energy (French feeding system, forage unit UFL) levels (P/E) in the diets were 80 (D1), 100 (D2), 120 (D3) and 140 (D4). The major cellulolytic bacteria were enumerated by specific 16S rRNA targeted hybridisation probes, some microbial activities of the rumen were estimated by enzymatic assays and by the in sacco degradation technique. The diet (P/E ratio) and defaunation had no effect on the percentage of the cellulolytic bacteria, represented by three species: Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefasciens and Fibrobacter succinogenes. The diet had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on the total activity of the fibrolytic enzymes (Carboxymethyl cellulase, xylanase) and glycosidases (β-D glucosidase, β-D xylosidase). Defaunation decreased (P < 0.05) the total activity of fibrolytic polysaccharidase (Carboxymethyl cellulase, xylanase) and glycosidase (β-D glucosidase, β-D xylosidase) enzymes. Neither defaunation nor the diet had any effect on α-amylase activities. Defaunation decreased (P < 0.05) total α-D glucosidase activity. The decrease of the total activity of carboxymethyl cellulase after defaunation was more marked (P < 0.05) with the D3 diet. The diet had a significant effect (P < 0.01) on the in sacco DM degradation (96 h). Defaunation decreased the in sacco DM degradation (96 h, P < 0.05) and this decrease was negatively correlated with the P/E ratio. Defaunation significantly decreased the total volatile fatty acid concentration (P < 0.05) and the molar proportion of butyrate (P < 0.01). From these results, despite reduced fibrolytic and amylolytic activities, a lower proteolysis and a more advantageous ruminal VFA profile occurred in defaunated animals. As a consequence, a better use of nutrients (protein, energy) can be expected by defaunated animals. Résumé -Les effets de la défaunation sur les activités microbiennes du rumen de moutons ingérant des rations mixtes (Digitaria decumbens en vert complétée avec du concentré). Huit béliers faunés et 8 béliers défaunés munis de canules ruminales ont été utilisés. Chaque animal était alimenté par 4 rations mixtes différentes composées d'herbe de Digitaria decumbens complémentée avec 4 mélanges de tourteau de soja et de maïs broyé. Le niveau de protéine (PDIN) / énergie (UFL) de la ration (P/E) était de 80 (D1), 100 (D2), 120 (D3) et 140 (D4). Les principales populations de bactéries cellulolytiques ont été dénombrées à l'aide de sondes d'hybridation spécifiques ciblant l'ARNr 16S, certaines activités microbiennes du rumen ont été estimées par des dosages d'activités enzymatiques, et par la technique de dégradabilité in ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effects of defaunation on microbial activities in the rumen of rams consuming a mixed diet (fresh Digitaria decumbens grass and concentrate)

et al. 2004

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“…The differences in rumen ammonia-N would not affect these levels with an N intake as high as in the present experiment23). In all the experiments the digestibility of N tended to be higher in the faunated animals as reported by some workers 12,24). This may be explained by the superior digestibility of protozoal cells compared to bacterial cells25).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

The Effects of Rumen Ciliate Protozoa on Energy Metabolism and Some Constituents in Rumen Fluid and Blood Plasma of Goats

Itabashi¹,

Kobayashi²,

Matsumoto³

1984

Nihon Chikusan Gakkaiho

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Abstract1). Three faunated and three unfaunated goats were given three different diets and energy metabolism was compared between the two groups.The effect of monensin was also studied. The goats were fed hay only in Expt 1, hay-concentrate in Expt 2 and hay-concentrate containing monensin in Expt 3. 2). The concentration of rumen ammonia-N in the faunated group was found to be higher than that in the unfaunated in all three experiments, the difference being significant in Expt 2. The molar proportion of propionic acid in the rumen of the faunated tended to be less than in the unfaunated while that of butyric acid tended to be greater.Monensin reduced protozoal number in the faunated and increased the proportion of propionic acid in both groups. 3). There was no significant difference between the group in energy metabolism in Expt 1. Methane energy was significantly higher in the faunated in Expt 2. In all the experiments, urinary energy tended to be greater and faecal energy to be less and retained energy to be greater in the faunated goats. The digestibility of feed N tended to be greater in the faunated. Only minor differences were found between the groups in N retention while urine N tended to be greater in the faunated.Monensin reduced the methane and faecal energy and increased urinary N. 4). The concentration of plasma glucose tended to be higher in the faunated in Expts 2 and 3. There was no difference between the groups in plasma urea-N.Monensin tended to increase these concentrations in both groups.Jpn. J. Zootech. Sci., 55 (4): [248][249][250][251][252][253][254][255][256] 1984 The role of ciliate protozoa in the rumen has become of considerable interest recently in relation to animal production. Alterations of fermentation patterns due to the absence of protozoa have been shown by many investigators1).However, the effect of protozoa on the energy metabolism of ruminants, especially on methane production, has not been elucidated. Since in the rumen methane is formed mainly from hydrogen and carbon dioxide and the hydrogen is produced by bacteria2) and protozoa3-5), it is to be expected that the presence of protozoa may affect the methanogenesis in the rumen and thus the energy metabolism of ruminants.The object of the present work was to compare the energy metabolism as well as the concentration of some constituents in the rumen and blood plasma in goats with and without ciliate protozoa. The effect of monensin was also studied using these goats.Jpn. J. Zootech. Sci., 55 (4): 248-256 248 1984

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“…Over the past twenty years, many studies comparing conventional (naturally faunated) animals with protozoa-free (ciliate-free) animals have been carried out. However, no definite conclusions have been drawn on ciliates because of the contradictory results obtained on growing animals (Bryant and Small, 1960 ;Eadie, 1962 ;Abou Akkada and El Shazly, 1964 ; Christiansen, Kawashima and Burroughs, 1965 ;Borhami et al, 1967 ;Chalmers et al, 1968) and on feed digestion (Abou Akkada andEl Shazly,1964,1965 ;Barringer, Trenkle and Burroughs, 1966 ; Klopfenstein, Purser and Tyznik, 1966 ;Luther, Trenkle and Burroughs, 1966 ;Kurihara et al, 1968 ;Males and Purser, 1970 ;ltabashi and Kandatsu, 1975 ;Jouany, 1975). Ciliates have shown wide differences in their effects in vitro on carbohydrate metabolism (Abou Akkada, 1965 ;Hungate, 1966 ;Church, 1975 ;Clarke, 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rôle of the rumen ciliate protozoa Polyplastron multivesiculatum, Entodinium sp. and Isotricha prostoma in the digestion of a mixed diet in sheep

Jouany¹,

Zainab²,

Sénaud³

et al. 1981

Reprod. Nutr. Dévelop.

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Summary. Six rumen-fistulated and defaunated wethers were fed twice daily a pelleted diet of barley and dehydrated lucern at a rate of 50 g dry matter/kg body weight °-!5. Two months later, the sheep were divided into three equal groups. Each group was then inoculated in the rumen with one of the following three genera of protozoa : Polyplastron multivesiculatum (P), Entodinium sp. (E), or lsotricha prostoma (I). After two months, each group was subdivided and inoculated with an additional genus to obtain two sheep for each P + E, P + I and E + I combination. After an additional two months, two sheep were inoculated with a mixture of several genera to restore them to a conventional state. At the end of each of the four two-month periods, the total digestibility of organic matter (OM), acid detergent fiber (ADF), nitrogen (N) and fermentation in the rumen were measured.The P + E genera combination could not be obtained because E disappeared when the sheep were inoculated with the P species. However, these two genera can coexist in a rumen containing at least four different genera of protozoa.OM and ADF digestibilities were improved mainly by inoculating the P genus and, to a lesser extent, the E genus, but the effect of I was negative. N digestibility tended to be higher after ciliate inoculation, compared to the defaunated state. Furthermore, the pH in inoculated sheep was generally lower, and volatile fatty acid (VFA) and ammonia levels were higher.The composition of the VFA mixture was strongly influenced by inoculation with the E genus : the propionic acid proportion increased at the expense of the acetic and butyric acid proportions. This result was confirmed by the lower CH 4/ C0 2 ratio observed in the rumen gas composition in sheep inoculated with the E genus. With P alone or with other ciliates, the butyric acid proportion increased. The rumen lactic acid concentration increased after inoculation with the I genus. In the conventional animals, fermentation patterns were similar to those observed in the P-inoculated animals but the differences increased and became significant.Of the three ciliates studied, the P genus had the greatest effect on the digestive parameters which were similar to those found in conventional sheep. This effect could be explained by the ability of the P genus to hydrolyse and ferment most carbohydrates and by its predatory action on bacteria and protozoa.Introduction.

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Effects of Defaunation on Feed Digestibility, Rumen Metabolism and Blood Metabolites

Cited by 81 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of defaunation on microbial activities in the rumen of rams consuming a mixed diet (fresh Digitaria decumbens grass and concentrate)

Effects of defaunation on microbial activities in the rumen of rams consuming a mixed diet (fresh Digitaria decumbens grass and concentrate)

The Effects of Rumen Ciliate Protozoa on Energy Metabolism and Some Constituents in Rumen Fluid and Blood Plasma of Goats

Rôle of the rumen ciliate protozoa Polyplastron multivesiculatum, Entodinium sp. and Isotricha prostoma in the digestion of a mixed diet in sheep

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