Effects of deformation and heating temperature on the austenite transformation to pearlite in high alloy tool steels

Khlestov, V. M.; Konopleva, E. V.; McQueen, H.J.

doi:10.1179/026708301125000212

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The decomposition of deformed austenite on ferrite or pearlite occurs at higher temperatures than phase transformation without previous deformation, which is confirmed by many works -see e.g. [7,8]. The acceleration effect of deformation is manifested especially at the beginning of these transformations.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 59%

The combined effect of chemical composition and cooling rate on transformation temperatures of hypoeutectoid steels

Schindler¹,

Nemec²,

Kawulok³

et al. 2018

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The transformation temperatures Ar3 and Ar1 of four unalloyed hypoeutectoid steels with a carbon content of 0.029-0.73 % were determined using dilatometric tests. Unusually high cooling rates of 2 and 8• C s −1 were used intentionally, corresponding to the conditions in the wire rod rolling mills. The developed regression models are phenomenological and allow a simple prediction of transformation temperatures, depending only on the cooling rate and the chemical composition of the steel represented by the carbon equivalent (in the case of Ar1), respectively by the Ac3 temperature (for Ar3). When calculating the Ac3 temperature, it was worth considering its non-linear dependence on carbon content. It has been verified that the derived equations are applicable even at relatively low cooling rates when the austenite decomposes exclusively on ferrite and pearlite.K e y w o r d s : hypoeutectoid steel, carbon equivalent, dilatometer test, cooling rate, decomposition of austenite, transformation temperature

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 59%

The combined effect of chemical composition and cooling rate on transformation temperatures of hypoeutectoid steels

Schindler¹,

Nemec²,

Kawulok³

et al. 2018

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“…The effect of previous deformation itself on different types of steel is evaluated in a number of research studies [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. From the obtained findings, it can be claimed that the previous deformation, in combination with the chemical composition and other factors, has different effects on individual transformations or transformation products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the obtained findings, it can be claimed that the previous deformation, in combination with the chemical composition and other factors, has different effects on individual transformations or transformation products. The authors of these works assume that the deformation accelerates diffusion-controlled transformations, specifically the transformation of austenite to ferrite and pearlite [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. Due to the deformation, the number of lattice defects increases, which promotes the diffusion of all atoms in the solid solution and leads to a faster nucleation and growth of the new phase nuclei-this leads to the acceleration of both transformations [23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors of these works assume that the deformation accelerates diffusion-controlled transformations, specifically the transformation of austenite to ferrite and pearlite [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. Due to the deformation, the number of lattice defects increases, which promotes the diffusion of all atoms in the solid solution and leads to a faster nucleation and growth of the new phase nuclei-this leads to the acceleration of both transformations [23][24][25][26]. The accelerating effects of increasing deformation and strain rate on ferritic transformation are shown in Figures 2 and 3, respectively (where temperature A r3 is the transformation temperature of austenite to ferrite and A r1 is the transformation temperature of austenite to pearlite by the cooling of hypoeutectoid steels).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Strain on Transformation Diagrams of 100Cr6 Steel

et al. 2020

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Based on dilatometric tests, the effect of various values of previous deformation on the kinetics of austenite transformations during the cooling of 100Cr6 steel has been studied. Dilatometric tests have been performed with the use of the optical dilatometric module of the plastometer Gleeble 3800. The obtained results were compared to metallographic analyses and hardness measurements HV30. Uniaxial compression deformations were chosen as follows: 0, 0.35, and 1; note that these are true (logarithmic) deformations. The highly important finding was the absence of bainite. In addition, it has been verified that with the increasing amount of deformation, there is a further shift in the pearlitic region to higher cooling rates. The previous deformation also affected the temperature martensite start, which decreased due to deformation. The deformation value of 1 also shifted the critical cooling rate required for martensite formation from the 12 °C/s to 25 °C/s.

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“…The content of M 3 C carbides was probably too small to be identified by x-ray examination. Higher density of defects in the hot deformed austenite increased the heterogeneous nucleation rate and supported the carbide precipitation which has been shown in numerous works (Ref 17,19,29).…”

Section: Influence Of Strain On C-fe Decompositionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Effect of Tempering and Strain on Decomposition of Metastable Austenite in X210CrW12 Thixo-Cast Steel

Rogal

Bonarski

Bobrowski

2016

J. of Materi Eng and Perform

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Thixoforming of hot rolled X210CrW12tool steel led to the formation of globular austenitic grains (82.4 vol.%) surrounded by eutectic mixture (a-Fe and M 7 C 3 carbides). The thixo-cast steel reached compression strength 4.8 GPa at plastic strain 34%. The analysis of pole figures after deformation indicated distinct texturization of microstructure in comparison with undeformed steel. Main texture components for austenite were {101}, AE010ae, while ferrite did not reveal clearly formed orientation. DSC analysis confirmed that austenitic structure in the X210CrW12 steel was metastable and temperature of decomposition depended on the strain applied at 634°C for the un-deformed sample and at 599°C for sample compressed up to 4.8 GPa. Discontinuous transformation of austenite into perlite, that started mainly at grain boundaries and proceeded to the center, was the predominant mechanism responsible for the decomposition of globular grains in thixoformed X210CrW12 steel. The decomposition caused by tempering of supersaturated and severely strained steel led to obtaining characteristic product of transformation of higher hardness in comparison with only tempered sample. In the deformed sample the reaction started on slip bands and twins which revealed high density of defects, promoting precipitation of carbides, followed by local depletion in carbon as a result of a¢-Fe formation. In contrast to non-deformed state they covered the area of grains. Two fronts of reaction a-Fe plate +M 3 C fi mixture of a-Fe and M 7 C 3 carbides were also observed.

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Effects of deformation and heating temperature on the austenite transformation to pearlite in high alloy tool steels

Cited by 20 publications

References 7 publications

The combined effect of chemical composition and cooling rate on transformation temperatures of hypoeutectoid steels

The combined effect of chemical composition and cooling rate on transformation temperatures of hypoeutectoid steels

Effect of Strain on Transformation Diagrams of 100Cr6 Steel

Effect of Tempering and Strain on Decomposition of Metastable Austenite in X210CrW12 Thixo-Cast Steel

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