Effects of depositional and diagenetic characteristics on carbonate reservoir quality: a case study from the South Pars gas field in the Persian Gulf

Esrafili-Dizaji, Behrooz; Rahimpour‐Bonab, Hossain

doi:10.1144/1354-079309-817

Cited by 117 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Significant gas reserves (>900 TCF) are present in Permo-Triassic carbonates of the Khuff-equivalent Dalan and Kangan Formations in SW Iran (Kashfi, 1992;Alsharhan and Nairn, 1994;Bordenave, 2008). On-and offshore exploration during the 1960s to 1980s led to the discovery of giant gasfields such as Kangan, Shanul, Varavi, Aghar and Nar (Kashfi, 1992; Alsharhan and Nairn, 1997; Konert et al, 2001), and also to the discovery of the "supergiant" South Pars field (1990), the world's second-largest gasfield (Esrafili-Dizaji and Rahimpour-Bonab, 2009). After half a century of exploration, four "supergiant" and nearly thirty giant gasfields have been discovered in this region (Table 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Permo‐triassic Reservoir Rocks in the Zagros Area, Sw Iran: Influence of the Qatar‐fars Arch

Esrafili-Dizaji

Rahimpour‐Bonab

2013

Journal of Petroleum Geology

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Four “supergiant” and numerous giant gasfields have been discovered in the Zagros area of SW Iran. The gasfields are concentrated in the eastern part of the foldbelt, in Fars Province and the adjacent offshore, and produce from Permo‐Triassic carbonates equivalent to the Khuff Formation. The carbonates belong to the upper member of the Dalan Formation and the overlying Kangan Formation. Reservoir rock quality is strongly influenced by tectonic setting and depositional environment, and also by diagenesis. The highest quality reservoirs occur in oolitic shoal facies; fracturing (especially in onshore fields) and dolomitisation (in offshore fields) have also influenced reservoir quality. Anhydrite plugging is common in reservoirs in offshore fields, while calcite cementation is dominant in onshore reservoirs. Facies variations in the Dalan‐Kangan Formations appear to correspond to syndepositional palaeohighs and depocentres. In the Eastern Zagros (Fars area), thickening of the Dalan Formation corresponds to a Mid‐Late Permian depocentre referred to here as the Permian Fars Basin. As a result of sea level fall, this depocentre evolved into a hypersaline lagoon with evaporite deposition (Nar Member). In the Triassic, the depocentre evolved into a palaeohigh as indicated by thinning and facies changes in the Kangan Formation. The results of this study draw attention to variations in the reservoir quality of the Dalan‐Kangan Formations. Much of this variation was due to the influence of the Qatar‐Fars Arch.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Permo‐triassic Reservoir Rocks in the Zagros Area, Sw Iran: Influence of the Qatar‐fars Arch

Esrafili-Dizaji

Rahimpour‐Bonab

2013

Journal of Petroleum Geology

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“…() in the lower Triassic rock unit implies meteoric weathering and atmospheric moisture in this interval. In general, lithological evidence has shown a great climate variation at the passage of the Permian–Triassic, from a semi‐arid condition in the Late Permian to a semi‐humid condition in the Early Triassic (Esrafili‐Dizaji and Rahimpour‐Bonab, ).…”

Section: Results and Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral gamma‐ray logs and palaeoclimate change? Permian–Triassic, Persian Gulf

et al. 2014

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Spectral gamma ray (SGR) logs are used as stratigraphic tools in correlation, sequence stratigraphy and most recently, in clastic successions as a proxy for changes in hinterland palaeoweathering. In this study we analyse the spectral gamma ray signal recorded in two boreholes that penetrated the carbonate and evaporate‐dominated Permian–Triassic boundary (PTB) in the South Pars Gasfield (offshore Iran, Persian Gulf) in an attempt to analyse palaeoenvironmental changes from the upper Permian (Upper Dalan Formation) and lower Triassic (Lower Kangan Formation). The results are compared to lithological changes, total organic carbon (TOC) contents and published stable isotope (δ18O, δ13C) results. This work is the first to consider palaeoclimatic effects on SGR logs from a carbonate/evaporate succession. While Th/U ratios compare well to isotope data (and thus a change to less arid hinterland climates from the Late Permian to the Early Triassic), Th/K ratios do not, suggesting a control not related to hinterland weathering. Furthermore, elevated Th/U ratios in the Early Triassic could reflect a global drawdown in U, rather than a more humid episode in the sediment hinterlands, with coincident changes in TOC. Previous work that used spectral gamma ray data in siliciclastic successions as a palaeoclimate proxy may not apply in carbonate/evaporate sedimentary rocks. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…It is composed of calcareous dolomite, dolomitic limestone and anhydrite-bearing dolomite, anhydrite dolomite, with dolomitic and gypsum content decreasing but calcareous content increasing from the evaporated platform to restricted platform facies ( Fig. 2a) (Esrafili-Dizaji and Rahimpour-Bonab 2009). A1 and part of A2 are missing in the north of the oilfield, indicating that the area experienced uplifting and erosion after the deposition of Carboniferous and before deposition of Permian.…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination and distribution of reservoir space in complex carbonate rocks

et al. 2016

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This paper discusses the reservoir space in carbonate rocks in terms of types, combination features, distribution regularity, and controlling factors, based on core observations and tests of the North Truva Oilfield, Caspian Basin. According to the reservoir space combinations, carbonate reservoirs can be divided into four types, i.e., pore, fracture-pore, pore-cavity-fracture, and pore-cavity. Formation and distribution of these reservoirs is strongly controlled by deposition, diagenesis, and tectonism. In evaporated platform and restricted platform facies, the reservoirs are predominately affected by meteoric fresh water leaching in the supergene-para-syngenetic period and by uplifting and erosion in the late stage, making both platform facies contain all the above-mentioned four types of reservoirs, with various pores, such as dissolved cavities and dissolved fractures, or structural fractures occasionally in favorable structural locations. In open platform facies, the reservoirs deposited continuously in deeper water, in an environment of alternative high-energy shoals (where pore-fracture-type reservoirs are dominant) and low-energy shoals (where pore reservoirs are dominant).

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Effects of depositional and diagenetic characteristics on carbonate reservoir quality: a case study from the South Pars gas field in the Persian Gulf

Cited by 117 publications

References 36 publications

A Review of Permo‐triassic Reservoir Rocks in the Zagros Area, Sw Iran: Influence of the Qatar‐fars Arch

A Review of Permo‐triassic Reservoir Rocks in the Zagros Area, Sw Iran: Influence of the Qatar‐fars Arch

Spectral gamma‐ray logs and palaeoclimate change? Permian–Triassic, Persian Gulf

Combination and distribution of reservoir space in complex carbonate rocks

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