Effects of depression screening on diagnosing and treating mood disorders among older adults in office-based primary care outpatient settings: An instrumental variable analysis

Extent and Predictors of Potentially Inappropriate Antidepressant Use Among Older Adults With Dementia and Major Depressive Disorder

“…36 Another study using the 2010-2012 NAMCS data and 2012/2015 Beers Criteria to designate potentially inappropriate antidepressants evaluated the effects of depression screening in primary care and subsequent diagnoses and treatment among older adults (age≥65 years). 37 This study found a total of 1.4% receiving potentially inappropriate antidepressant, and comparatively 1.5% in those who were not screened for depression versus 0.1% in those who were screened. 37 While the use of potentially inappropriate antidepressants in our current study was higher than these two studies, it should be kept in mind that this comparison is limited by the difference in the study samples of our study (older adults with dementia and MDD) compared to these studies 36,37 (general older adults).…”

Psychotropic polypharmacy reconsidered: Between-class polypharmacy in the context of multimorbidity in the treatment of depressive disorders

“…We identified four major classes of psychotropic prescriptions using the following generic names: 9,24 (1) antidepressants which included: amitriptyline, amoxapine, clomipramine, desipramine, doxepin, imipramine, maprotiline, nortriptyline, protriptyline, trimipramine, nefazodone, trazodone, vilazodone, vortioxetine, citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, sertraline, phenelzine, tranylcypromine, rasagiline, selegiline, desvenlafaxine, duloxetine, levomilnacipran, venlafaxine, milnacipran, bupropion, and mirtazapine; (2) antipsychotics which included: haloperidol, chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, perphenazine, prochlorperazine, thioridazine, trifluoperazine, thiothixene, loxapine, molindone, pimozide, aripiprazole, asenapine, clozapine, iloperidone, lurasidone, olanzapine, paliperidone, quetiapine, risperidone, and ziprasidone; (3) mood stabilizers which included: carbamazepine, lamotrigine, lithium, and valproic sodium/divalproex sodium; and (4) sedative-hypnotics which included: alprazolam, butabarbital, chlordiazepoxide, chloral hydrate, clorazepate, clonazepam, diazepam, diphenhydramine, eszopiclone, estazolam, flurazepam hydrochloride, hydroxyzine, lorazepam, meprobamate, oxazepam, phenobarbital, secobarbital, temazepam, triazolam, zaleplon, and zolpidem tartrate. Covariates.-We considered a number of covariates in characterizing polypharmacy subgroups, 2,7,25,26 including: age (18-44, 45-64, 65-74, 75+), sex, race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Hispanic, or other), region of residence (Northeast, Midwest, South, or West), repeated visits within the past 12 months (dichotomized as <6 or 6+). receipt of psychotherapy or mental health counseling (yes/no), and time spent with a doctor (<15, 15-20, 21-30, or >30 minutes).…”

Continuing versus new antidepressant use in older adults: US prescribing trends from 2006 to 2015

“…5 Besides these clinical indicator variables, I included patient age (65-74, 75-84, or 85+), gender, race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, Hispanics, or other) and physician specialty (primary care, psychiatry, or other). 6,7 …”