Effects of Depth, Bed Slope and Scaling on Tidal Currents and Exchange in a Laboratory Scale Model.

Falconer, Ra; Guo-ping, Yang; Yu, Gary

doi:10.1680/iicep.1991.15630

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…The average exchange coefficient in the harbour is obtained by spatially averaging the concentration in the harbour at the end after four tidal cycles. The value obtained is 0.425, which is very close to the experimentally determined value of 0.424 (Falconer & Yu, 1990). The point to point comparison of the exchange coefficient exhibits a difference which is around ±10% (Fig.…”

Section: Tidal Flushing In a Square Harboursupporting

confidence: 86%

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3D layered-integrated modelling of mass exchange in semi-enclosed water bodies

2001

Journal of Hydraulic Research

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The flow patterns in semi-enclosed water bodies are generally complicated and have significant effect on the water quality and fluid exchange there. The exchange of of fluid between the semi-enclosed water body and outside is due to two physical mechanisms. The first is the flushing due to tidal effect. The second is the shear induced by the velocity difference between the flow within the water body and outside. To predict the flow and solute transport in these water bodies a three-dimensional layer-integrated numerical model has been developed. To account for the turbulence which consists of the free shear component and the bottom friction component the k-e model is employed. The numerical model has been applied to the cases of tidal flow as well as steady river flow outside a rectangular harbour with or without breakwater. Compared with the available experimental results, the gross mass exchange both due to tidal effect and shear can be estimated satisfactorily by the numerical model. RÉSUMÉLes configurations d'écoulement dans les volumes d'eau semi-fermés sont généralement compliquées et ont un effet significatif sur laqualité de l'eau et les échanges de fluides. L'échange de fluide entre la masse d'eau semi-fermée et l'extérieur est dü a deux mécanismes physiques. Le premier est Ie flot lié a Ia marée. Le second est le cisaillement induit par la difference de vitesse de l'eau entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur. Pour prévoir l'écoulement et le transport d'effluents dans ces masses d'eau, un modèle tri-dimensionnel numérique intégré par couches a été développé. Pour tenir compte de la turbulence qui comprend la composante de cisaillement libre et le frottement au fond, on utilise le modèle k-e. Le modèle numérique a été appliqué aussi bien au cas de la marée qu'a celui d'un écoulement permanent de rivière a l'extérieur d'un port rectangulaire avec ou sans brise-lame. Compare aux résultats expérimentaux disponibles, l'échange de masse brut dü a la marée et a l'écoulement cisaillé, donné par le modèle numérique. peut être considéré comme satisfaisant.

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Section: Tidal Flushing In a Square Harboursupporting

confidence: 86%

“…induced circulation in a laboratory harbour were done by Nece & Falconer (1989), Falconer & Yu (1990. The numerical model was set up to replicate the laboratory conditions (Fig.…”

Section: Mass Exchange In a Rectangular Harbour With Steady Flow Outsidementioning

confidence: 99%

3D layered-integrated modelling of mass exchange in semi-enclosed water bodies

2001

Journal of Hydraulic Research

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“…Natural generators of flow such as tidal oscillations, wind waves, wind forcing and water density differences drive sea water exchange between the harbor basin and the surrounding sea (NECE, 1984;FALCONER & GUOPING, 1991). Which generators govern the basin flushing depends on the geographical location, although tidal oscillations are usually the most dominant generators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The water renewal rate depends on structural factors such as the plan form geometry of the harbor, entrance dimensions of the harbor; water depth, bed slope, etc. (NECE, 1984;FALCONER & GUOPING, 1991), which are well investigated. The usage of flushing culverts (pipes or rectangular openings in a breakwater body, diameter/dimension D~1 m) is suitable in areas with small tidal oscillations (such as the Mediterranean) where the tides alone do not generate satisfactory water exchange (OZHAN & TORE, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volumetric analysis of flow through flushing culverts embedded in breakwaters

Bujak¹,

Carević²,

Ramuščak³

et al. 2017

Edition 4, Split, Croatie

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Abstract:Water renewal in harbors and marinas largely depends on the availability of natural generators at a particular location, with tidal oscillations frequently being the most dominant one. In low tidal range areas, it is common to use flushing culverts in order to improve water renewal. Field measurements conducted in ACI marina Opatija point to a significant but brief increase in flow through the flushing culvert due to wind and waves. Considering the whole measuring period, seawater is predominately flowing through the culvert in the direction of the surrounding sea, which may be the result of freshwater sources present in the basin.

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“…A long term research programme has been established to investigate the tidal current structure and exchange characteristics for a range of idealised rectangular harbours (see Nece andFalconer 1989, Falconer andYu 1991), with both physical and numerical modelling techniques being adopted. Earlier comparisons between numerical and physical model results have indicated some disparity between both sets of results when using a simple finite difference representation of the important advective accelerations and a simple turbulence model (Nece and Falconer 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depth integrated modelling of tide induced circulation in a square harbour

Falconer

1995

Journal of Hydraulic Research

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A depth integrated numerical model has been refined to simulate the tidal flows in a model square harbour. The harbour entrance width is narrow and of similar dimensions to the mean water depth. The advective accelerations and the turbulence stress terms of the governing hydrodynamic equations are therefore significant in describing the complex flow patterns. A split-operator approach is employed in the model with the advective terms solved by the minimax-characteristics method. The turbulence stress terms have been examined in detail and three important components established, including: bottom generated turbulence, jet induced turbulence and momentum dispersion due to the vertical integration of the secondary motion arising from the horizontal curved flow. An order of magnitude estimation has shown that the momentum dispersion is of primary importance. A simple zero order turbulence model has been used to account for the three mechanisms, with a semi-slip boundary condition being included to cater for the wall shear. Convergence of the solution has been achieved by successively reducing the time step and grid size. The computed results have been shown to compare well with experimental measurements. RÉSUMÉUn modèle numérique intégré sur la vertical a été mis au point pour simuler les courants de marée dans un modèle de port de forme carrée. La passé d'entrée du port est étroite et du même ordre de grandeur que la profondeur moyenne. Les termes d'acceleration advective et de contrainte turbulente des equations de l'hydrodynamique sont par conséquent fondamentaux dans la description de eet écoulement complexe. Une methode de pas fractionnaires est utilisée dans Ie modèle, avec une resolution des termes advectifs par les caractéris-tiques avec écrétage mini-max. Les termes de contrainte turbulentes ont été examines en détail et trois composantes ont été distinguées caractérisant: la turbulence due au fond, la turbulence créée par effet de jet et la dispersion de quantité de mouvement due a l'intégration sur la verticale du mouvement secondaire engendré par les courbures de l'écoulement dans un plan horizontal. Une estimation d'ordre de grandeur a montré que la dispersion de quantité de mouvement est de première importance. Un simple modèle de turbulence d'ordre zéro a été utilise pour prendre en compte ces trois mécanismes, avec une condition de frottement pour représenter la contrainte a la paroi. La convergence de la solution a été obtenue en réduisant petit a petit Ie pas en temps et la taille des mailles. Les résultats de calcul se comparent bien avec les mesures expérimentales.

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Effects of Depth, Bed Slope and Scaling on Tidal Currents and Exchange in a Laboratory Scale Model.

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

3D layered-integrated modelling of mass exchange in semi-enclosed water bodies

3D layered-integrated modelling of mass exchange in semi-enclosed water bodies

Volumetric analysis of flow through flushing culverts embedded in breakwaters

Depth integrated modelling of tide induced circulation in a square harbour

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