Effects of depth-of-processing and ageing on word-stem and word-fragment implicit memory tasks: Test of the lexical-processing hypothesis

Fay, Séverine; Isingrini, Michel; Clarys, David

doi:10.1080/09541440440000212

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 53 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The letters in the fragment, drawn randomly from the word, are poor cues for locating words in the lexicon. Thus, perceptual overlap between study and test stimuli is sufficient to produce priming (Fay, Isingrini, & Clarys, 2005). Our data show equal priming in normal comparison subjects and patients with schizophrenia (see the meta-analysis of implicit memory tasks with nonclinical populations of Light, Prull, La Voie, & Healy, 2000), which suggests that perceptual comparison processes are apparently not affected by the cognitive deficits of schizophrenia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

A Comparison of Implicit Memory Tests in Schizophrenic Patients and Normal Controls

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objective of the current study was to compare the performance of schizophrenic patients and normal controls on implicit memory tests. Two neuropsychological tasks were administered to 29 patients and normal participant samples. The implicit tests were: Word fragment completion and Word production from semantic categories. The priming score was the variable of interest. Priming effects are obtained in normal subjects and schizophrenia patients, regardless of the implicit test used. However, a dissociation in priming between normal and patient groups was observed, depending on the test used. For word fragment test, priming was identical between the two groups. However, for word production, priming obtained in schizophrenics was lower than priming in normal controls. Results confirm a dissociation effect in implicit memory tests. These results could be explained in the context of the Roediger and Blaxton (1987) distinction between data-driven and conceptually-driven processing. This evidence suggests that a complete neuropsychological assessment of memory in schizophrenia should include different kinds of implicit memory tests (procedural, perceptual, and conceptual tasks). Keywords: priming, implicit memory, schizophrenia, memory impairmentEl objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la ejecución de pacientes esquizofrénicos y controles no clínicos en tests de memoria implícita. Se administraron dos pruebas neuropsicológicas a una muestra de 29 pacientes y a dos muestras de participantes no clínicos. Los tests implícitos fueron: Completar fragmentos de palabras y Generación de ejemplares de categorías semánticas. La variable de interés fue la facilitación. Los efectos de facilitación se obtienen en sujetos no clínicos y en pacientes esquizofrénicos, independientemente del test implícito que se utilice. Sin embargo, se ha observado una disociación en la facilitación entre grupos de controles y pacientes, dependiendo del test utilizado. En tests de fragmentos de palabras la facilitación es idéntica en los dos grupos. Sin embargo, en producción de palabras, la facilitación obtenida en esquizofrénicos es menor que la facilitación en controles. Los resultados confirman la existencia de un efecto disociativo en tests de memoria implícita. Estos resultados podrían explicarse en el contexto de la distinción de Roediger y Blaxton (1987) entre procesamiento guiado por los datos y procesamiento guiado conceptualmente. Esta evidencia sugiere que la evaluación neuropsicológica de la memoria en la esquizofrenia debería incluir distintos tipos de pruebas de memoria implícita (procedimentales, perceptuales, y conceptuales). Palabras clave: facilitación, memoria implícita, esquizofrenia, daños en memoria

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

A Comparison of Implicit Memory Tests in Schizophrenic Patients and Normal Controls

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This seems possible, but the application of this view in the present case (in which the priming tasks are perceptual) is problematic. Perceptual priming for words requires perceptual analysis and lexical access but is little affected by variation in semantic analysis (e.g., Fay et al, 2005;Richardson-Klavehn & Gardiner, 1998;Weldon, 1991). The DA condition in the present experiments required overt word identification in both experiments (implying both perceptual analysis and lexical access).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…In these manipulations, attention is directed away from the stimulus (e.g., word) that is to be tested later; typically the participant is directed to ignore the study word and respond to a distractor stimulus instead (e.g., as in a flanker task). Selective attention manipulations may exert their effects, at least in part, by disrupting stimulus identification and lexical processing, which are critical for perceptual priming (e.g., Fay, Isingrini, & Clarys, 2005;Richardson-Klavehn & Gardiner, 1998;Weldon, 1991). Second, certain dual-task (i.e., divided attention) manipulations can also impair later perceptual priming.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of divided attention on auditory priming

2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The concept of attention plays a central role in theories of memory, a view supported by a long history of findings that attentional state during encoding affects later memory performance (e.g., Broadbent, 1958;Cowan, 1995;Norman, 1969). Traditional research on this topic has focused on explicit memory. More recently, researchers have addressed the relationship between attention and implicit memory, spurred by the well-documented dissociations between implicit and explicit memory (Mulligan, 2003b;Roediger & McDermott, 1993), as well as the possibility that attention during encoding may not be as crucial to implicit memory as it is to explicit memory.Several initial studies of attention and implicit memory reported the rather startling result that dividing attention reduced explicit test performance but left implicit tests unaffected (e.g., Bentin, Kutas, & Hillyard, 1995;Mulligan & Hartman, 1996;Parkin, Reid, & Russo, 1990;Russo & Parkin, 1993; SchmitterEdgecombe, 1996). Other early studies demonstrated that retention of very poorly attended stimuli is more likely to be detected with implicit than explicit memory tests (e.g., Bornstein, Leone, & Galley, 1987;Eich, 1984;Jelicic, Bonke, Wolters, & Phaf, 1992;Mandler, Nakamura, & Van Zandt, 1987;Merikle & Reingold, 1991; cf. Berry, Shanks, & Henson, 2006). Such findings imply that attention plays a larger role in encoding for explicit than implicit memory. Other researchers have gone farther in interpreting these results, proposing that implicit memory is chiefly the result of automatic encoding processes (the automaticity hypothesis, e.g., Aloisi, McKone, & Heubeck, 2004;Bentin et al., 1995;Shallice et al., 1994;Szymanski & MacLeod, 1996;Wolters & Prinsen, 1997). Much subsequent research on this topic took place under the rubric of the transfer-appropriateprocessing (TAP) view of implicit and explicit memory (e.g., Roediger, 1990;Roediger & McDermott, 1993), which provides a more differentiated view based on the distinction between conceptual and perceptual priming. This view suggests that implicit tests drawing heavily on conceptual processes should depend heavily on attention during encoding. However, perceptual priming tasks, sensitive to relatively automatic perceptual encoding processes (Roediger, 1990), should be little affected by manipulations of attention (see Mulligan & Hartman, 1996, for a more detailed development of the TAP predictions). With respect to conceptual implicit memory, these expectations are largely borne out: divided attention typically reduces conceptual priming (see Mulligan & Brown, 2003, for a review).Studies of perceptual implicit tests, however, have produced mixed results. As noted above, some of the initial studies on this topic found no effect of divided attention on perceptual priming despite robust effects on explicit memory (e.g., Mulligan & Hartman, 1996;Russo & Parkin, 1993). For example, in Mulligan and Hartman (1996), study words were presented visually under one of two conditions. In the full attention (FA) condition, th...

show abstract

“…Research suggests that the advantage of this priming paradigm is that the combined effects of semantic and linguistic processing and visual representation contribute to visual latency ( Stankiewicz et al , 1998 ;Stankiewicz, 2002 ). For example, Fay et al (2005) found that attending to individual letters in studying words produced little perceptual priming, whereas whole-word processing produced high levels of priming in perceptual identifi cation. Mulligan (2004) and Mulligan et al (2006) examined the effects of visual priming on explicit memory for colors and fonts of the target items.…”

Section: Visual Primingmentioning

confidence: 96%

The visual priming effect of credit card advertising disclosure

Wang

2011

Int J Discl Gov

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study examines how college students perceive the disclosure in a credit card issuer ' s advertisement through visual priming of the disclosure. The results reveal that visual priming affects college students ' attention toward the disclosure. Moreover, college students perceive higher levels of trust toward the advertisement when the disclosure is visually displayed. Visual priming also enhances college students ' attitudes toward the advertisement and the credit card issuer. This is evident, as the impact of college students ' perceived trust toward the advertisement on their attitudes toward the credit card issuer is mediated by their attitudes toward the advertisement. This study ' s results promote the effectiveness of credit card advertising through two main approaches: adopting visual communication of disclosure; implementing more responsible credit card advertising practices.

show abstract

Effects of depth-of-processing and ageing on word-stem and word-fragment implicit memory tasks: Test of the lexical-processing hypothesis

Cited by 23 publications

References 53 publications

A Comparison of Implicit Memory Tests in Schizophrenic Patients and Normal Controls

A Comparison of Implicit Memory Tests in Schizophrenic Patients and Normal Controls

The effects of divided attention on auditory priming

The visual priming effect of credit card advertising disclosure

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About