Effects of Dextrose and Lipopolysaccharide on the Corrosion Behavior of a Ti-6Al-4V Alloy with a Smooth Surface or Treated with Double-Acid-Etching

Abstract

Diabetes and infections are associated with a high risk of implant failure. However, the effects of such conditions on the electrochemical stability of titanium materials remain unclear. This study evaluated the corrosion behavior of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy, with a smooth surface or conditioned by double-acid-etching, in simulated body fluid with different concentrations of dextrose and lipopolysaccharide. For the electrochemical assay, the open-circuit-potential, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and potentiodynamic test were used. The disc surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Their surface roughness and Vickers microhardness were also tested. The quantitative data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation and independent t-tests (α = 0.05). In the corrosion parameters, there was a strong lipopolysaccharide correlation with the Ipass (passivation current density), Cdl (double-layer capacitance), and Rp (polarization resistance) values (p<0.05) for the Ti-6Al-4V alloy with surface treatment by double-acid-etching. The combination of dextrose and lipopolysaccharide was correlated with the Icorr (corrosion current density) and Ipass (p<0.05). The acid-treated groups showed a significant increase in Cdl values and reduced Rp values (p<0.05, t-test). According to the topography, there was an increase in surface roughness (R2 = 0.726, p<0.0001 for the smooth surface; R2 = 0.405, p = 0.036 for the double-acid-etching-treated surface). The microhardness of the smooth Ti-6Al-4V alloy decreased (p<0.05) and that of the treated Ti-6Al-4V alloy increased (p<0.0001). Atomic force microscopy showed changes in the microstructure of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy by increasing the surface thickness mainly in the group associated with dextrose and lipopolysaccharide. The combination of dextrose and lipopolysaccharide affected the corrosion behavior of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy surface treated with double-acid-etching. However, no dose-response corrosion behavior could be observed. These results suggest a greater susceptibility to corrosion of titanium implants in diabetic patients with associated infections.

Development of binary and ternary titanium alloys for dental implants

“…The Vickers hardness was measured by means of an indenter (Shimadzu, HMV-2 Micro Hardness Tester, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan) by the application of a 0.5 Kgf load for 15 s. The test was performed in five samples of each group at four randomly distributed points [32]. The mean was calculated for each sample and then for each group to obtain the hardness (expressed in Vickers hardness units-VHN).…”

“…The surface roughness parameters (average roughness, Ra; maximum height of the profile, Rt; average maximum height of the profile, Rz; and root mean square roughness, Rq) of the samples were evaluated by profilometry (Dektak 150-d; Veeco, Plainview, NY, USA). The roughness parameters were obtained with a cut-off of 0.25 mm at 0.05 mm/s over 12 s. Three measurements (right, center, and left of the sample) were obtained from five discs of each group and then averaged [32].…”

Comparison between Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Coating and Sandblasted Acid-Etched Surface Treatment: Histometric, Tomographic, and Expression Levels of Osteoclastogenic Factors in Osteoporotic Rats

“…As a result, cells of the osteoblastic lineage are attracted more quickly and effectively, especially to regions of lower bone tissue density [6,7]. Combining the favorable characteristics of microstructural and biological behavioral aspects is a concern related to this range of texturing options [3][4][5], because the literature has shown that some of these methods alter titanium mechanical strength, electrochemical behavior, and bone healing responses [7][8][9][10][11].…”

Characterization of chemically treated Ti-Zr system alloys for dental implant application

“…These surfaces are achieved by means of double acid etching, which appears to have the potential to greatly enhance osseointegration without adding particulate matter or embedding surface contaminants [18]. The biological [18,19] and corrosion behaviors [20] of this type of surface have been evaluated when applied in cpTi and Ti-Al-V alloys. However, the effect of such etching treatment on promising Ti-Zr alloys with different Zr concentrations has not yet been studied.…”