Effects of diabetes and ovariectomy on rat hippocampus (A biochemical and stereological study)

Abstract

Oxidative stress is one of the main reasons of both menopause and diabetes. So, it plays crucial role in the pathogeneses of that condition and disease. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of menopause and diabetes upon the hippocampus using a rat model. Adult female Sprague Dawley rats (n = 24) were allocated randomly as follows; control (C group) ovariectomized (O group), diabetic (D group) and ovariectomy plus diabetic groups (DO group) (n = 6; in each group), respectively. For evaluating the results, tissue biochemistry and stereological analysis were made. Biochemistry results (lipid peroxidase (LPO); catalase (CAT); superoxide dismutase (SOD); total glutatyon (GSH); and myeloperoxidase (MPO) values) in Group C-DO were determined as 12.27, 21.88, 23.08 and 29.90 nmol/gr tissue; 59.3, 70.06, 69.7 and 78.1 mmol/min/mg tissue; 174.2, 156.4, 159.7 and 154.6 mmol/min/mg tissue; 3.63, 3.61, 4.21 and 3.97 nmol/mg tissue; and 5.05, 5.68, 5.58 and 6.19 µmol/min/mg tissue, respectively. Moreover, both menopause and diabetes led to change of lipid profiles. There were significant differences between the control and other groups (Group C and D-DO) (p < 0.01) and among experimental groups (p < 0.01) in terms of neuron number. When the volumes of the hippocampus were compared, there were no significant differences between the all groups (P > 0.05). At this point, we suggested that diabetes could aggravate deleterious effects of ovariectomy.

Differential role of estrogen receptor modulators in depression-like behavior and memory impairment in rats with postmenopausal diabetes

“…Various evidence prove that estrogen deficiency aggravates the risk of diabetes and associated complications. 4,34 In concurrence with this, we observed a severe impairment of memory in Ovx-Dia rats compared with ovariectomized and diabetic rats. Treatment with DPN and E 2 markedly improved-whereas treatment with PPT and insulin partially improved-learning and memory in these spatial memory tasks.…”

“…Deficiency of both estradiol and insulin contributes to the neurodegeneration process. 34 Estrogen acting through two ERs (ER-a and ER-b) regulates multiple functions in the central nervous system. 35 Studies of rodent brains have revealed that ER-a is the predominant ER in the hypothalamus and controls reproduction.…”

Effects of thymoquinone on testicular structure and sperm production in male obese rats

“…Before beginning to work, the necessary strategy was determined by optical fractionator on the parts of the testis tissue [Altunkaynak et al 2012]. According to that, the section thickness and section sampling fraction were determined as 20 mm and 1/250, respectively.…”

Effects of melatonin on diclofenac sodium treated rat kidney: a stereological and histopathological study

“…13 Volume estimation with the cavalieri principle Volumetric evaluation of a structure that has any shape and size can effectively obtained by the Cavalieri principle. 14 An important rule of this origin is as follows: in order to get a impartial estimate of the volume of an objective, the objective must be cut to serial and parallel planes separate by a fixed interval 15,16 and using a point-counting grid for the area estimate of section profiles. The point density of the grid was designed to obtain a proper CE for the serial paraffin sections of the study.…”