Effects of Diabetes Mellitus, Chronic Renal Failure and Hemodialysis on Serum and Salivary Antioxidant Status

Abstract

Aim: To analyze various oxidative stress parameters in the saliva and serum of patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) and/or diabetes mellitus (DM), and to compare them in dialytic vs. pre-dialytic patients. Method: 50 consenting patients were divided into five subgroups of patients: severe CRF (dialytic) without DM, severe CRF (dialytic) with DM, mild CRF (pre-dialytic) without DM, mild CRF (pre-dialytic) with DM, and with DM but without CRF (controls). Uric acid (UA), peroxidase and total antioxidant status (TAS) were studied in both saliva and serum; superoxide dismutase (SOD) was evaluated only in saliva. Both saliva collection and serum harvesting were done simultaneously. Results: In severe-CRF patients without DM, median TAS, UA and SOD levels decreased following dialysis (54, 85, 48%, respectively), and peroxidase levels increased slightly (9%). In severe-CRF patients with DM, median TAS and SOD levels increased following dialysis (33 and 54%, respectively) while median UA and peroxidase levels decreased (68 and 10%, respectively). Conclusions: DM, CRF and hemodialysis were found to increase the oxidative stress burden in both serum and saliva. Therefore, antioxidant assessment may be used to monitor baseline oxidative status in these situations though larger randomized studies are in order.

Salivary Antioxidants in Patients With Type 1 or 2 Diabetes and Inflammatory Periodontal Disease: A Case‐Control Study

“…Recently, Ben‐Zvi et al 32 studied uric acid, peroxidase, and total antioxidant status in saliva and serum in chronic renal failure and patients with DM. They reported that DM increased the oxidative stress burden in serum and saliva.…”

Use of Colorimetric Test Strips for Monitoring the Effect of Hemodialysis on Salivary Nitrite and Uric Acid in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease: A Proof of Principle

“…We hypothesize that salivary UA is a suitable marker for qualitatively evaluating dialysis efficacy, given that patients experiencing renal failure have high plasma and salivary UA concentrations (19) that are significantly decreased by dialysis (8, 9, 20). Goll and Mookerjee also observed that UA and creatinine concentrations in whole saliva correlated significantly with those in serum and speculated that a saliva diagnostic test would be useful for reducing the number of blood tests for anemic and pediatric patients with renal disease (6).…”

“…Several studies have examined the compositional changes in saliva produced by dialysis (8, 9), but the present investigation is the first to offer a method for simultaneously monitoring 2 salivary analytes for qualitatively assessing dialysis efficacy. It is important to note that in some cases a single analyte does not change while the second analyte shows a decrease consistent with the clinical status.…”

Aucubin prevents loss of hippocampal neurons and regulates antioxidative activity in diabetic encephalopathy rats

“…Impaired radical scavenger function has been linked to the decreased activity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic scavengers. In particular, the action of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and catalase (CAT), enzymes involved in the detoxification of H 2 O 2 , has been observed in chronic diabetes (Ben-Zvi et al, 2007). Increasing concentrations of lipid peroxidation by products, indicative of oxidative damage, have been observed in the cerebral microvasculature and brain tissue of diabetic rats (Nishikawa et al, 2007).…”