Effects of diclofenac and salicylic acid exposure on Lemna minor: Is time a factor?

Combined effects of salinity changes and salicylic acid exposure in Mytilus galloprovincialis

“…The increasing knowledge on the wide occurrence of SA in diverse aquatic environments worldwide distributed has rose concerns on possible toxic impacts towards non-target species inhabiting these aquatic systems. In this regard, still scarce information is available on the toxic effects of SA towards aquatic organisms, especially marine invertebrates, with recent studies showing oxidative stress impacts in freshwater species, namely in Lemna minor plants (Alkimin et al, 2019), the crustacean Daphnia magna (Gómez-Oliván et al 2014) and the fish Salmo trutta (Nunes et al 2015), but also in marine and estuarine species such as fish Mugil J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Besides pollutants, environmental alterations associated with climate change related factors and extreme weather events have shown to negatively affect aquatic organisms. The acceleration in the global rainfall and evaporation cycle can dramatically change salinity patterns, especially in coastal and estuarine areas (Coughlan et al, 2009).…”

Response of Two Crop Plants, Zea mays L. and Solanum lycopersicum L., to Diclofenac and Naproxen

“…For example, Lemna spp. that had been treated with low concentrations of diclofenac (20-100 µ g L −1 ) had a higher concentration of total chlorophylls and carotenoids [10]. Studies that were conducted on leafy vegetables (Atriplex patula L., Spinacia oleracea L. and Lactuca sativa L.) revealed a decrease in the total chlorophyll in the leaves of plants that had been treated with diclofenac and naproxen [16].…”

“…It is worth noting that this drug toxicity in non-target predatory and scavenger animals is caused by the accumulation of the drugs in consecutive levels of the trophic pyramids, with algae as well as aquatic and terrestrial plants as the primary producers. Hence, recently, the impact of anti-inflammatory drugs on aquatic plants and algae has also been extensively studied [2,10,11]. The early results suggest that NSAIDs can also have an impact on the growth and development of terrestrial plants.…”

Ecotoxicological effects of the azole antifungal agent clotrimazole on the macrophyte species Lemna minor and Lemna gibba

“…It is rather atypical in its growth form and traits compared with many other aquatic macrophytes (Arts et al 2010). It is largely recommended and have been used for ecotoxicological evaluation of toxic effects of xenobiotics (OECD 2006;Alkimin et al 2019a, Nunes et al 2019, Alkimin et al 2020aAlkimin et al 2020b).…”