Effects of dietary acidity on calcium balance and mobilisation, bone morphology and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D in prepartal dairy cows

Damir, H. Abu; Phillippo, M.; Thorp, B.H.; Milne, John; Dick, Laura; Inevison, I.M.

doi:10.1016/0034-5288(94)90147-3

Cited by 42 publications

(46 citation statements)

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“…In the literature, not many studies have been performed measuring specific bone parameters. Abu Damir et al (1994) examined bone histology and found increased woven bone structures after administering anionic salts. This may lead to the assumption that more bone is resorbed when anionic diets are fed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, the measurement of calcitonin around parturition in cows with or without milk fever did not demonstrate a role of calcitonin in the development of hypocalcemia at calving (Goff, 2000). Different studies (Gardner and Park, 1972;Block, 1984;Abu Damir et al, 1994) have suggested that the response of kidney and bone to PTH is impaired in cows showing periparturient hypocalcemia. This responsiveness of the target organs can be modified by prepartum diets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Influence of Anionic Salts on Bone Metabolism in Periparturient Dairy Goats and Sheep

Liesegang

2008

Journal of Dairy Science

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Influence of anionic salts on bone metabolism in periparturient dairy goats and sheep Blood and urine samples were collected daily until parturition. Serum Ca, P, Mg, serum crosslaps (CTX), osteocalcin, 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D (VITD), urinary pH, and urinary Ca concentrations were analyzed. Bone mineral density and bone mineral content were measured with peripheral quantitative computer tomography. The bone resorption marker CTX showed significant differences between the animals supplemented with anionic salts and the control animals in goats, but not in sheep. The goats receiving anionic salts had greater CTX concentrations throughout the administration of the salts. In sheep, a difference was only observed on the day of parturition. Similar observations were made in VITD concentrations, although a significant difference between the goat groups was only observed 3 d prepartum. The bone formation marker osteocalcin was lower prepartum in the animals supplemented with anionic salts. The urinary pH was lower in the SA and GA animals, whereas urinary Ca concentrations were greater. Bone mineral content and bone mineral density decreased in all groups around parturition. In conclusion, this experiment showed that the addition of anionic salts in goats led to greater bone resorption rates while on this feeding regimen. It can be concluded that the anionic salts induced a mild metabolic acidosis with all its effects on calcium metabolism. These effects were not evident in milk sheep. ABSTRACTThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of diets supplemented with anionic salts on bone metabolism of dairy goats and sheep. Twelve Saanen goats and 12 Ostfrisean milk sheep (fourth lactation) were divided into 2 groups each [sheep control (SC), goat control (GC); sheep anionic salts (SA), goat anionic salts (GA)]. Each group was fed a different diet in the last 10 d of gestation. Groups SC and GC received a normal diet according to the requirements of goats and sheep in this stage of gestation. Groups SA and GA received supplemental anionic salts. The dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) was +524 (SC) and +515 (GC) vs. −163 (SA) and −164 (GA) mEq/kg of dry matter. Blood and urine samples were collected daily until parturition. Serum Ca, P, Mg, serum crosslaps (CTX), osteocalcin, 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D (VITD), urinary pH, and urinary Ca concentrations were analyzed. Bone mineral density and bone mineral content were measured with peripheral quantitative computer tomography. The bone resorption marker CTX showed significant differences between the animals supplemented with anionic salts and the control animals in goats, but not in sheep. The goats receiving anionic salts had greater CTX concentrations throughout the administration of the salts. In sheep, a difference was only observed on the day of parturition. Similar observations were made in VITD concentrations, although a significant difference between the goat groups was only observed 3 d prepartum. The bone formation marker osteocalcin was low...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Influence of Anionic Salts on Bone Metabolism in Periparturient Dairy Goats and Sheep

Liesegang

2008

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…s Effects of DCAD on PTH and 1,25(OH) 2 D In the cows ingesting anionic diets, the hypercalciuria induced by the metabolic acidosis directly maintains the concentrations of PTH and 1,25(OH) 2 D at a level higher than before parturition [34,37,47,48]. However, as reported for laboratory animals and humans, a direct effect of metabolic acidosis on the concentrations of PTH and 1,25(OH) 2 D is difficult to assess due to the presence of confounding factors such as hypercalciuria, hyperphosphatemia and hypomagnesemia [27,49].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been suggested that a mild metabolic acidosis increases tissue responsiveness to PTH [26,33,51]. This hypothesis was based on the observation that addition of anions to the diet increased osteoclastic bone resorption and synthesis of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 in cows [47,48]. Indeed, cows fed a diet high in K + and Na + before parturition had lower plasma 1,25(OH) 2 D concentrations at parturition despite more severe hypocalcemia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal nutrition and acid-base balance

Riond¹

2001

European Journal of Nutrition

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In domestic animals, acid-base balance may be influenced by nutrition. The major research effort in this area has been made on the prevention of hypocalcemic postparturient paresis in dairy cows. This disorder is caused by the sudden increase of calcium secretion into the colostrum. The manipulation of the dietary cation-anion difference makes it possible to maintain the cows in metabolic acidosis during the critical period that precedes calving, presumably via a mechanism that involves the strong ion difference in the extracellular fluid. As a consequence the mobilization of calcium is enhanced and the incidence of the disorder is decreased. Conversely, a dietary induced metabolic alkalosis leads to a more severe degree of hypocalcemia and the incidence of the disease is increased. The underlying mechanisms of the prevention are only partially understood. Nevertheless, this preventive method is already widely applied in practice. Nutrition effects on acid-base balance also influence growth and food intake in higher vertebrates and fish. As a consequence, the incidence of developmental orthopedic diseases in fast-growing domestic animal species may be affected. Also, the bone mineral content of athletic horses may be influenced by dietary induced modification of the acid-base status. The mineral loss due to metabolic acidosis may lead to an increase in the incidence of stress fractures. This overview should give insight into relevant aspects of nutrition and acid-base balance in domestic animal species.

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“…The proposed mechanism of action is that a higher proportion of dietary anions in relation to cations alters the normal acid-base status of the animal causing a mild acidosis. This induces higher Ca excretion in urine, reducing plasma Ca levels, which in turn stimulates Ca homeostatic mechanisms (Gaynor et al 1989;Abu Damir et al 1994). Little published information exists on how diet manipulation (Ca level or feeding of anionic salts) either alone or in combination with vitamin D 3 supplementation influences Ca homeostasis in beef steers.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary Ca manipulation, anionic salts and supplemental vitamin D₃ on calcium homeostasis of finishing steers

Osorio¹,

Kessel²,

Olkowski³

et al. 2005

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a low-Ca diet, followed by a high-Ca diet in combination with feeding of anionic salts and/or vitamin D 3 on Ca and acid-base homeostasis of finishing steers. Twenty Hereford steers (448 _ 26 kg) were individually penned and fed at 0800 and 1600 with a ration consisting of 90% barley grain-based concentrate and 10% barley silage (DM basis). The experimental protocol included a 19-d adaptation period, a 14-d period of low Ca feeding, a 10-d supplemental period and a 5-d withdrawal period. During the supplemental period, anionic salts (MgSO 4 and NH 4 Cl) were incorporated into the diet at -1500 and -3000 mEq steer -1 d -1 for 3 and 7 d, respectively. The cattle were also supplemented with one of four vitamin D 3 treatments: 0, 0.6, 1.2 and 2.4 million IU (MIU) of vitamin D 3 steer -1 d -1 . Blood samples were obtained for measurement of total and ionized Ca, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin, vitamin D 3 , 25(OH)D 3 and 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 . Feed intake was depressed (P < 0.05) by anionic salt feeding but not vitamin D 3 treatment. Cattle supplemented with vitamin D 3 had higher total (P < 0.05) and ionized (P < 0.05) serum Ca levels than the control cattle that were only supplemented with anionic salts. Higher (P < 0.04) ionized Ca levels were seen in cattle fed 2.4 versus those fed 0.6 MIU vitamin D 3 . Maximum total serum Ca values were 10.11, 10.97, 11.43 and 12.24 mg dL -1 for the 0, 0.6, 1.2 and 2.4 MIU vitamin D 3 treatments, respectively. Respective maximum values for ionized Ca were 5.43, 5.90, 5.98 and 6.25 mg dL -1 . These values represent increases, relative to the adaptation period of 3, 12, 16 and 25% for total and 9, 18, 20 and 31% for ionized Ca for the 0, 0.6, 1.2 and 2.4 MIU D 3 treatments, respectively. Circulating concentrations of vitamin D 3 , 25(OH)D 3 , and 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 were increased (P < 0.05) by vitamin D 3 feeding, however, PTH was decreased (P < 0.05), while calcitonin was not affected (P > 0.05). Anionic salt feeding induced (P < 0.05) a mild systemic acidosis. The results indicate that anionic salt feeding enhanced the response of serum Ca to vitamin D 3 supplementation. Higher serum Ca levels prior to slaughter may increase intra-muscular Ca levels and enhance postmortem activity of Ca-dependant proteases responsible for myofibril degradation. The results point to a dietary strategy that with further research may prove useful in enhancing beef tenderness. Of particular interest is that serum Ca levels were elevated when vitamin D 3 was supplemented at levels 25 to 50% or less than levels used in previous research. Les sels anioniques réduisent (P < 0,05) la prise alimentaire, ce que ne fait pas la vitamine D 3 . Le sang des animaux recevant la vitamine présentait une plus forte concentration de Ca total (P < 0,05) et de Ca ionisé (P < 0,05) que celui des témoins, à qui on n'avait administré que les sels anioniques. Les bêtes recevant 2,4 MUI de vitamine D 3 avaient une concentration plus élevée (P < 0,04) de Ca ionisé q...

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Effects of dietary acidity on calcium balance and mobilisation, bone morphology and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D in prepartal dairy cows

Cited by 42 publications

References 28 publications

Influence of Anionic Salts on Bone Metabolism in Periparturient Dairy Goats and Sheep

Influence of Anionic Salts on Bone Metabolism in Periparturient Dairy Goats and Sheep

Animal nutrition and acid-base balance

Effect of dietary Ca manipulation, anionic salts and supplemental vitamin D₃ on calcium homeostasis of finishing steers

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Effects of dietary acidity on calcium balance and mobilisation, bone morphology and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D in prepartal dairy cows

Cited by 42 publications

References 28 publications

Influence of Anionic Salts on Bone Metabolism in Periparturient Dairy Goats and Sheep

Influence of Anionic Salts on Bone Metabolism in Periparturient Dairy Goats and Sheep

Animal nutrition and acid-base balance

Effect of dietary Ca manipulation, anionic salts and supplemental vitamin D3 on calcium homeostasis of finishing steers

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Effect of dietary Ca manipulation, anionic salts and supplemental vitamin D₃ on calcium homeostasis of finishing steers