Effects of Dietary Aged Maize with Oxidized Fish Oil on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity and Intestinal Health in Weaned Piglets

Abstract

Simple SummaryIn China, large quantities of maize are stored in grain depots for two years or more to mitigate the risk of natural disasters impacting feed supplies. However, it is unknown whether the use of long-term stored maize in diets will impair growth performance of piglets, and whether additional dietary oxidants would further exacerbate the effects. This study investigates the effects of dietary aged maize with the supplementation of different levels of oxidized fish oil on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, serum antioxidant activity and gut health in piglets and tries to provide a theoretical foundation for the better use of aged maize in swine production. The results of this study showed that aged maize had no significant effect on growth performance, diarrhea and nutrient digestibility of the piglets, but it did reduce serum antioxidant capacity. When oxidized fish oil was added, aged maize reduced serum antioxidant capacity further, inhibited the expressions of genes related to intestinal nutrient transport, promoted intestinal inflammation, and also reduced the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients, increased diarrhea and finally reduced the growth performance of piglets. Thus, the use of aged maize in the diet of the piglets may be not feasible, especially when other oxidation-inducing factors existed, which would exacerbate the negative effects of the aged maize.AbstractThis study aimed to determine the effects of dietary aged maize with supplementation of different levels of oxidized fish oil on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, serum antioxidant activity and gut health in piglets. Forty-two piglets were arranged in 2 × 3 factorial treatments in a complete randomized block design with seven replicates per treatment and one pig per replicate for 28 d. Diets included twp types of maize (normal maize or aged maize) and three levels of oxidized fish oil (OFO) (3% non-oxidized fish oil (0% OFO), 1.5% OFO and 1.5% non-oxidized fish oil (1.5% OFO), and 3% OFO (3% OFO). Results showed that dietary aged maize did not affect growth performance, diarrhea, and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients in piglets (p > 0.05). However, aged maize increased malonaldehyde (MDA) content and decreased total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in serum on both 14th and 28th days (p < 0.05) compared to the normal maize groups. Meanwhile, compared with normal maize, dietary aged maize showed a slight, but not significant (p > 0.10) decrease in total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity and VE content in serum on the 14th day. In addition, aged maize significantly decreased GLUT2 mRNA expression (p < 0.05) and tended to increase (p < 0.10) TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA expression in jejunal mucosa. Compared with non-oxidized fish oil, oxidized fish oil resulted in the decrease of the 14–28 d and 0–28 d ADG, as well as the ATTD of dry matter (DM), ether extract (EE), organic matter (OM) (p < 0.05), whereas the increase in diarrhea index (p < 0.05) and F/G of the whole period (p < 0.0...

Effects of Thermally Oxidized Vegetable Oil on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics, Gut Morphology, Nutrients Utilization, Serum Cholesterol and Meat Fatty Acid Profile in Broilers

“…The reduced EE digestibility in the present study is in accordance with Luo et al [39], which indicated 8% reduction in the apparent total tract digestibility of EE in weaned pigs consuming 3% oxidized (POV = 120.85 mEq kg −1 ) fish oil-based diets. Lindblom et al [26], similarly, documented 6% reduction of EE digestibility in growing pigs consuming soybean oil, which was heated at 90°C for 72 hrs.…”

Dietary Lipid Oxidization Products Alter Growth, Adiposity and Gut Microbial Ecology in Prepubertal Porcine Model

“…66 Many of these studies have observed that feeding of LOPs can significantly diminish animal growth. [67][68][69][70][71][72] The findings of our study are generally consistent with these studies in the livestock agriculture field. However, the effects of LOPs on body weight in our study are modest compared to several above-mentioned studies.…”

“…117 In adult patients, Zhang et al observed that obese individuals have significantly higher abundances of members of the order Methanobacteriales than post-gastric bypass and normal individuals. 118 LOPs have become prevalent in human, 119 livestock [67][68][69][70][71][72] and pet 120 diets in the United States and other developed countries. With the exception of research in livestock agriculture field focusing on growth and meat quality, there is little research on the impact of dietary LOPs, especially as it relates to human or other animal species.…”

R- Is Superior to S-Form of α-Lipoic Acid in Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects in Laying Hens

“…Currently, the harmful effects of oxidized fish oil on breeding production have been widely reported [ 6 , 7 ]. In several experiments in poultry, mice, and piglets, the dietary addition of oxidized fish oil was found to exacerbate oxidative stress and damage in the organism by reducing antioxidant-related enzymes [ 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Therefore, oxidative stress models constructed by the dietary addition of oxidized fish oil have been used extensively in animal experiments.…”