Effects of dietary Antrodia cinnamomea fermented product supplementation on metabolism pathways of antioxidant, inflammatory, and lipid metabolism pathways-a potential crosstalk

Abstract

Objective: This study was conducted to fathom the underlying mechanisms of nutrition intervention and redox sensitive transcription factors regulated by Antrodia cinnamomea fermented product (FAC) dietary supplementation in broiler chickens.Methods: Four hundreds d-old broilers (41±0.5 g/bird) assigned to 5 groups were examined after consuming control diet, or control diet replaced with 5% wheat bran (WB), 10% WB, 5% FAC, and 10% FAC. Liver mRNA expression of antioxidant, inflammatory and lipid metabolism pathways were analyzed. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentration in each group were tested in the chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells (cPBMCs) of 35-d old broilers to represent the stress level of the chickens. Furthermore, these cells were stimulated with 2,2′-Azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to evaluate the cell stress tolerance by measuring cell viability and oxidative species.Results: Heme oxygenase-1, glutathione S-transferase, glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit, and superoxide dismutase, and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) that regulates the above antioxidant genes were all up-regulated significantly in FAC groups. Reactive oxygen species modulator protein 1 and NADPH oxygenase 1 were both rather down-regulated in 10% FAC group as comparison with two WB groups. Despite expressing higher level than control group, birds receiving diet containing FAC had significantly lower expression level in nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and other genes (inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-richcontaining family, pyrin domain-containing-3, and cyclooxygenase 2) involving in inflammatory pathways. Additionally, except for 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase that showed relatively higher in both groups, the WB, lipoprotein lipase, Acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, fatty acid binding protein, fatty acid desaturase 2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha genes were expressed at higher levels in 10% FAC group. In support of above results, promoted Nrf2 and inhibited NF-κB nuclear translocation in chicken liver were found in FAC containing groups. H2O2 and NO levels induced by LPS and AAPH in cPBMCs were compromised in FAC containing diet. In 35-d-old birds, PGE2 production in cPBMCs was also suppressed by the FAC diet.Conclusion: FAC may promote Nrf2 antioxidant pathway and positively regulate lipid metabolism, both are potential inhibitor of NF-κB inflammatory pathway.

Laetiporus sulphureus–fermented wheat bran enhanced the broiler growth performance by improving the intestinal microflora and inflammation status

“…G. lucidum has been claimed to dampen the progression of inflammatory breast cancer by downregulating the expression of Nf-κB ( Martinez-Montemayor et al., 2008 ; Suarez-Arroyo et al, 2013 ). Lee et al. (2020b) also reported the effects of A. cinnamomea –fermented powder in downregulating the liver expression of genes involving inflammatory pathways such as NF-κB , iNOS , TNF-α , IL-1β , NLRP3, and COX2 in broiler chickens receiving high-NSP diets.…”

“…Our previous studies had reported the application of SSF using filamentous fungi on agricultural byproducts which further exerted positive effects on monogastric animals. Lee et al., 2020a , Lee et al., 2020b used Antrodia cinnamomea on the SSF of WB and produced bioactive compounds such as phenolic compounds, polysaccharides, and triterpenoids, which exerted growth promoting, antioxidant, and anti-inflammation effects in broilers, which suggest the potential of SSF on the utilization of agroprocessing byproducts to produce bioactive compounds and functional feedstuffs.…”

The Laetiporus sulphureus Fermented Product Enhances the Antioxidant Status, Intestinal Tight Junction, and Morphology of Broiler Chickens

“…The phenolic compounds derived from fungus have been reported to activate the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway in a suppressed Nrf2 diabetic rat model [ 34 ]. Furthermore, A. cinnamomea , a brown-rot fungus that exerted medicinal effects similar to those of L. sulphureus , reported the enhanced expression of Nrf2 , HO-1 , and SOD mRNAs in the liver of 35-day-old chickens fed upon its fermented feedstuff, as well as a further increase in SOD activity in the serum [ 11 , 15 ]. Therefore, it can be validated that FL, as a medicinal fungus fermented products, may have also improved the antioxidative status of broilers via a similar mechanism as reported by above mentioned previous studies.…”

“…WB, a solid-state that is fermented by the Trichoderma sp., has been shown to exhibit antioxidant properties and to improve the nutrition value of WB, which could potentially be a low-cost feedstuff candidate [ 13 , 14 ]. Solid-state WB fermented by Antrodia cinnamomea was found to be suitable for producing bioactive compounds, such as phenolics, triterpenoids, and polysaccharides, as well as for growth promotion and its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects in broiler feeding trials [ 11 , 15 ]. According to these studies, the use of fungal SSF in agricultural by-products is viable for producing functional feedstuffs that contain bioactive compounds.…”

Effect of dietary Lactobacilli mixture on Listeria monocytogenes infection and virulence property in broilers

“…Studies have shown that PTGER2 has potential in producing anti-inflammatory cytokines including IL-10 in vivo ( Okla et al., 2019 , Tomić et al., 2019 ). IL-10/Cox2/PTGER2 could be influenced by Mycobacterium avium infection in dendritic cells and by Antrodia cinnamomea fermented product in chicken cells ( Kim et al., 2019 , Lee et al., 2019 ). In addition, interaction of mesenchymal stem cells, S. typhimurium , and L. acidophilus increased Cox2, IL-6, IL-8, and PTGER2 ( Kol et al., 2014 ).…”