Effects of dietary arginine on endocrine growth factors of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus

Dietary arginine requirement for gibel carp (Carassis auratus gibelio var. CAS III) reduces with fish size from 50g to 150g associated with modulation of genes involved in TOR signaling pathway

“…As an essential amino acid for fish, arginine is not only used for protein synthesis during fish growth, but also has many other effects, including a secretagogue action in fish (Mommsen et al, 2001). Arginine was reported to activate GH/IGF axis, thus regulated nutrition partitioning and accelerated efficiency of nutrient utilization in gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata (Gómez-Requeni et al, 2004), channel catfish (Pohlenz et al, 2013) and largemouth bass (Chen et al, 2012b). In the present study, increased levels of plasma GH, IGF-I, pituitary GH mRNA and hepatic IGF-I mRNA were detected in arginine supplemental groups in small fish.…”

“…and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Mommsen et al, 2001;Plisetskaya et al, 1991), brown trout Salmo trutta (Banos et al, 1999), largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides (Sink and Lochmann, 2007), and barfin flounder Verasper moseri (Andoh, 2007). And recently, the effects of dietary arginine on endocrine growth factors like growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus (Pohlenz et al, 2013) and largemouth bass (Chen et al, 2012b) were reported, and the authors inferred that growth promoting effects of arginine were partially ascribed to its ability to activate the production of these hormones, which accelerated efficiency of nutrient utilization. But as a whole, study on hormones secretion and their roles in growth and protein metabolism induced by arginine is infrequent in fish.…”

Metabolomic analysis of plasma and liver from surplus arginine fed Atlantic salmon

“…Humans and rodents are able to synthesize arginine from glutamine and proline, while this pathway has not been established in fish (14). In addition, arginine supplementation in fish has shown to increase immune resistance and to protect against metabolic stress (9,15,16).…”

“…These effects have been linked to arginine's direct effect on gene regulation (5), through NO production (6) and via increased oxidation of glucose and fatty acids (7). Feeding trials with dietary arginine supplementation have demonstrated increased growth and protein deposition in some fish species (8,9), while results in different salmon species have not shown a similar trend (10). …”

“…Humans and rodents are able to synthesize arginine from glutamine and proline, while this pathway has not been established in fish (14). In addition, arginine supplementation in fish has shown to increase immune resistance and to protect against metabolic stress (9,15,16).To understand the underlying metabolic mechanisms of arginine it is important to investigate the metabolic changes occurring after arginine supplementation. Analysis of the plasma metabolite profile has previously been performed on pig plasma after arginine supplementation (17), identifying effects on free amino acids, lipid signaling molecules and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates.…”