Effects of dietary beef tallow and soy oil of glucose and cholesterol homeostasis in normal and diabetic pigs

Abstract

INTRODUCTION 99 MATERIALS AND METHODS 101 RESULTS 109 DISCUSSION 125 LITERATURE CITED 133 GENERAL DISCUSSION 138 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 141 APPENDIX 142 REVIEW OF LITERATURE Lipoprotein Metabolism Lipids are transported in plasma of warm-blooded animals and birds as lipoproteins, which are water-soluble particles comprised of nonpolar lipids, polar lipids, and protein (Havel, 1972). The nonpolar components, triglyceride and cholesterol esters, are located in a hydrophobic core of the particle. Polar lipids, cholesterol and phospholipids, and protein form a hydrophilic shell around the hydrophobic core, making the insoluble lipid water-soluble (Havel, 1972). There are several classes of lipoproteins: very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), chylomicrons, intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL), and high density lipoproteins (HDL). Each lipoprotein class is characterized by amount of lipid and protein and, thus, by density. VLDL and chylomicron composition The two classes of lipoproteins that are the primary carriers of triglycerides are VLDL and chylomicrons. Very low density lipoproteins transport endogenous triglycerides from liver to extrahepatic tissues. They are comprised of about 90% lipid (60% triglyceride, 12% cholesterol, and 18%