Effects of dietary betaine in allogynogenetic gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio): Enhanced growth, reduced lipid deposition and depressed lipogenic gene expression

Abstract

A 10‐week feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplemental betaine on growth performance, body composition and lipid deposition in allogynogenetic gibel carp. Four isoproteic (37% crude protein) and isolipidic (5% crude lipid) artificial diets with 0%, 0.08%, 0.4% and 2% betaine supplementation were formulated, and named VB0, VB0.08, VB0.4 and VB2, respectively. Each diet was fed in triplicate to fish about 10 g in weight. The results showed that 0.4% betaine supplementation significantly improved growth performance and reduced lipid content in the hepatopancreas, muscle and the whole body compared with the control group. Moreover, both fatty acid synthase and acetyl‐CoA carboxylase, two important lipogenic genes, showed significantly lower expression in the VB0.4 group than in the control group, and a strong correlation was detected between lipid content and mRNA expression levels for FAS and ACC in the hepatopancreas. Taken together, appropriate (0.4%) betaine supplementation in the diet not only improved growth, but also reduced lipid deposition in allogynogenetic gibel carp, probably by diminishing lipogenic gene expression.

Dietary Betaine Mitigates Hepatic Steatosis and Inflammation Induced by a High-Fat-Diet by Modulating the Sirt1/Srebp-1/Pparɑ Pathway in Juvenile Black Seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii)

“…Furthermore, in fish fed the diets supplemented with betaine, the expression of srebp-1, the main regulatory transcription factor of lipogenic pathways, was down regulated. This was consistent with the results obtained for fas and accɑ, which are downstream gene targets of srebp-1, and in accordance with results reported previously in mammals (21,47,50) and fish (8,11), demonstrating that dietary betaine could reduce lipid deposition by enhancing Pparɑ and its downstream lipolytic gene targets, and by repressing Srebp-1 and its downstream lipogenic gene targets. However, in the present study, both mRNA expression and protein concentration of Pparɑ and Srebp-1 were regulated by dietary betaine.…”

“…Typically, betaine has been used widely in mammals to treat fatty liver disease (12,(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). Similar effects have been reported in fish species, with dietary betaine supplementation shown to reduce lipid deposition by modulating the expression of lipid metabolism genes (8,11). Furthermore, the role of betaine as a methyl donor in one-carbon metabolism in liver has been of renewed interest for reducing liver injury (12,21).…”

“…Total protein was extracted from liver tissues using RIPA lysis buffer according to the manufacturer's instructions (Solarbio, China), and protein concentrations determined using a BCA Protein Assay kit (Nanjing Jiancheng, China) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Protein samples were resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS- il-1b, interleukin 1 beta; 2 tnf-a, tumor necrosis factor alpha; 3 nf-kb, nuclear factor-kappa B; 4 tgfb-1, transforming growth factor beta-1; 5 il-10, interleukin-10; 6 acca, acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha; 7 fas, fatty acid synthase; 8 srebp-1, sterol regulator element-binding protein-1; 9 lpl, lipoprotein lipase; 10 cpt1a, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A; 11 ppara, peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor alpha; 12 sirt1, Silent information regulator 1.…”

Seawater Culture Increases Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (N-3 LC-PUFA) Levels in Japanese Sea Bass (Lateolabrax japonicus), Probably by Upregulating Elovl5

“…Total RNA quality was tested with electrophoresis, using a 1.2% denaturing agarose gel. cDNA synthesis and quantitative real-time PCR were performed as previously described [ 33 ]. Briefly, the concentration of the prepared total RNA was determined and 1 μg of total RNA was treated with gDNA Eraser (Takara, Takara Biotechnology (Dalian) Co. Ltd., Dalian, China) to remove possible DNA contaminants according to the manufacturer’s instructions.…”

Compensatory growth in gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio) after the stress of stocking density

“…Gibel carp ( Carassius auratus gibelio ) was developed by gynogenesis (Jiang et al, 1983), and was economically well‐known freshwater species in China (Dong et al, 2018; Liu et al, 2018; Zhang et al, 2018). The experiments on compensating growth of gibel carp were mainly starvation compensatory growth (Cui et al, 2006; Zhu et al, 2004).…”