Effects of Dietary Energy Level on Performance, Plasma Parameters, and Central AMPK Levels in Stressed Broilers

Hu, Xiyi; Li, Xianlei; Xiao, Chuanpi; Kong, Linglian; Zhu, Qidong; Song, Zhigang

doi:10.3389/fvets.2021.681858

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…We found that DEX injection increased the levels of blood glucose, TP, and TC and the Ca 2+ /P 5+ ratio, and these indices returned rapidly to physiological levels following DEX withdrawal. This results were in agreement with earlier studies [ 20 ] reporting that DEX-treated chickens showed elevated levels of blood TP, TG and TC [ 25 ] and that Holstein heifers suffering road transportation stress had higher levels of plasma cortisol, nonesterified fatty acids, glucose and a higher Ca 2+ /P 5+ ratio [ 1 ]. Clearly, DEX injection-induced simultaneous hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, together with DEX itself, are responsible for the change in the number and function of immune cells.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Dexamethasone enhances glucose uptake by SGLT1 and GLUT1 and boosts ATP generation through the PPP-TCA cycle in bovine neutrophils

et al. 2022

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Background Clinical dexamethasone (DEX) treatment or stress in bovines results in extensive physiological changes with prominent hyperglycemia and neutrophils dysfunction. Objectives To elucidate the effects of DEX treatment in vivo on cellular energy status and the underlying mechanism in circulating neutrophils. Methods We selected eight-month-old male bovines and injected DEX for 3 consecutive days (1 time/d). The levels of glucose, total protein (TP), total cholesterol (TC), and the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in blood were examined, and we then detected glycogen and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, phosphofructosekinase-1 (PFK1) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity, glucose transporter (GLUT)1, GLUT4, sodium/glucose cotransporter (SGLT)1 and citrate synthase (CS) protein expression and autophagy levels in circulating neutrophils. Results DEX injection markedly increased blood glucose, TP and TC levels, the Ca 2+ /P 5+ ratio and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and significantly decreased blood IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels. Particularly in neutrophils, DEX injection inhibited p65-NFκB activation and elevated glycogen and ATP contents and SGLT1, GLUT1 and GR expression while inhibiting PFK1 activity, enhancing G6PDH activity and CS expression and lowering cell autophagy levels. Conclusions DEX induced neutrophils glucose uptake by enhancing SGLT1 and GLUT1 expression and the transformation of energy metabolism from glycolysis to pentose phosphate pathway (PPP)-tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. This finding gives us a new perspective on deeper understanding of clinical anti-inflammatory effects of DEX on bovine.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Dexamethasone enhances glucose uptake by SGLT1 and GLUT1 and boosts ATP generation through the PPP-TCA cycle in bovine neutrophils

et al. 2022

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“…The contents of LDL-C and HDL-C in serum of HEP group pigs were the highest, indicating that cholesterol turnover and metabolism in liver were increased. Similar results were also found in broilers with increased dietary energy levels causing elevated serum HDL and LDL levels (Hu et al, 2021). In addition, it was found in this study that the serum ALP level of Tibetan pigs under different feeding patterns was within the normal range (40-160 U/L), but the ALP level in Tibetan pigs fed high energy content diet was significantly higher than that in Tibetan pigs fed regular diet or free-ranging, meaning that the liver metabolic process was significantly enhanced (Siller and Whyte, 2018).…”

Section: House Feeding Can Provide Full Mixed Diet For Tibetan Pigs W...supporting

confidence: 85%

Different feeding patterns affect meat quality of Tibetan pigs associated with intestinal microbiota alterations

et al. 2022

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This study aimed to investigate the effects of different feeding patterns on meat quality, gut microbiota and its metabolites of Tibetan pigs. Tibetan pigs with similar body weight were fed the high energy diets (HEP, 20 pigs) and the regular diets (RFP, 20 pigs), and free-ranging Tibetan pigs (FRP, 20 pigs) were selected as the reference. After 6 weeks of experiment, meat quality indexes of semitendinosus muscle (SM) and cecal microbiota were measured. The results of meat quality demonstrated that the shear force of pig SM in FRP group was higher than that in HEP and RFP groups (p < 0.001); the pH-value of SM in HEP pigs was higher at 45 min (p < 0.05) and lower at 24 h (p < 0.01) after slaughter than that in FRP and RFP groups; the SM lightness (L* value) of FRP pigs increased compared with RFP and HEP groups (p < 0.001), while the SM redness (a* value) of FRP pigs was higher than that of RFP group (p < 0.05). The free fatty acid (FA) profile exhibited that the total FAs and unsaturated FAs of pig SM in HEP and RFP groups were higher than those in FRP group (p < 0.05); the RFP pigs had more reasonable FA composition with higher n-3 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) and lower n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio than HEP pigs (p < 0.05). Based on that, we observed that Tibetan pigs fed high energy diets (HEP) had lower microbial α-diversity in cecum (p < 0.05), and distinct feeding patterns exhibited a different microbial cluster. Simultaneously, the short-chain FA levels in cecum of FRP and RFP pigs were higher compared with HEP pigs (p < 0.05). A total of 11 genera related to muscle lipid metabolism or meat quality, including Alistipes, Anaerovibrio, Acetitomaculun, etc., were identified under different feeding patterns (p < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated that alterations of free FAs in SM were affected by the genera Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, Prevotellaceae UCG-003 and Christensenellaceae_R-7_group (p < 0.05). Taken together, distinct feeding patterns affected meat quality of Tibetan pigs related to gut microbiota alterations.

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“…With increasing levels of ME in diets without and with GAA addition, the birds reduced their FI. This result was expected, based on the literature, because broilers may adjust their FI in response to their energy needs (Leeson et al 1996;Hu et al, 2021). This is linked to metabolic signalization.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Metabolizable energy equivalence of guanidinoacetic acid in corn soybean meal-based broiler diets

Salgado¹,

Rocha²,

Petrolli³

et al. 2023

Revista Brasileira De Zootecnia

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In this study, we evaluated how guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) addition in diets with various metabolizable energy (ME) contents affects the performance of broiler chickens. We also estimated the equivalence of GAA in ME. We distributed 1,280 one-day-old broilers in a completely randomized design with eight treatments, eight replicates, and twenty birds per experimental unit. Treatments were based on ME levels (2,775-2,875-2,975 kcal/kg; 2,850-2,950-3,050 kcal/kg; 2,925-3,025-3,125 kcal/kg; or 3,000-3,100-3,200 kcal/kg, from 1 to 7, 8 to 21, and 22 to 42 days of age) and the inclusion of GAA (0 or 600 mg/kg). Supplementation of GAA increased weight gain in broilers at an energy level of 2,908 kcal/kg and improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) at energy levels of 2,908 and 2,983 kcal/kg. There was a linear reduction in feed intake and an improvement in FCR of broilers with increasing levels of energy in diets, with and without GAA addition. Solving the equivalence equation, by applying each of the weighted average energy levels studied. indicates the GAA equivalence of 133, 103, 74, and 44 kcal/kg of diet. In conclusion, GAA supplementation improves broilers' efficiency of energy use; the average ME equivalence of 600 mg/kg of GAA is 88.5 kcal/kg.

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Effects of Dietary Energy Level on Performance, Plasma Parameters, and Central AMPK Levels in Stressed Broilers

Cited by 16 publications

References 86 publications

Dexamethasone enhances glucose uptake by SGLT1 and GLUT1 and boosts ATP generation through the PPP-TCA cycle in bovine neutrophils

Dexamethasone enhances glucose uptake by SGLT1 and GLUT1 and boosts ATP generation through the PPP-TCA cycle in bovine neutrophils

Different feeding patterns affect meat quality of Tibetan pigs associated with intestinal microbiota alterations

Metabolizable energy equivalence of guanidinoacetic acid in corn soybean meal-based broiler diets

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