Effects of dietary extra virgin olive oil and its fractions on antioxidant status and DNA damage in the heart of rats co-exposed to aluminum and acrylamide

Abstract

Oxidative stress generated by an excessive production of free radicals has been linked to the development of several health problems such as cardiovascular diseases. We investigated the protective efficacy of Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) and its lipophilic fraction (OOLF) and hydrophilic fraction (OOHF) against the cardiotoxicity and DNA damage induced by co-exposure to aluminum (AlCl3) and acrylamide (ACR). Rats were divided into eight groups of six each: controls, AlCl3 (50 mg per kg body weight) administered via drinking water and ACR (20 mg per kg body weight) given by gavage, combined group plus EVOO (300 μl); combined group plus the hydrophilic fraction (1 ml); combined group plus the lipophilic fraction (300 μl); extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and its fractions were administered daily by gavage for 21 days. Three other groups, considered as positive controls, received either EVOO, OOLF or OOLH. Exposure of rats to both AlCl3 and ACR provoked oxidative stress objectified by an increase in MDA, AOPP and a decrease in GSH, NPSH and vitamin C levels. The activities of CAT, GPx and SOD were also decreased. EVOO and its OOLF fraction exhibited a pronounced enhancement of antioxidant status while a partial recovery in the antioxidant status was obtained with the OOHF fraction. Plasma LDH and CK activities, TC, LDL-C levels, TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios were increased, while HDL-C and TG decreased in rats treated with both AlCl3 and ACR. Co-administration of EVOO, OOLF or OOHF to treated rats restored cardiac biomarkers and lipid profile to near-normal values. Histological studies and DNA damage confirmed the biochemical parameters and the beneficial role of EVOO and its two fractions. Our results suggest that extra virgin olive oil and its two fractions can decrease the frequency of cardiac complications and genotoxicity.

Dietary unsaponifiable fraction of extra virgin olive oil supplementation attenuates lung injury and DNA damage of rats co-exposed to aluminum and acrylamide

“…Co-administration of OOHF reduced the DNA damage via its strong anti-oxidant activity and thereby restores the DNA integrity of the lung cells. In our previous study, we have reported that EVOO and its hydrophilic and lipophilic fraction exerted a protective effect against Al and ACR treatment by reducing the smear formation in the heart of rats (Ghorbel et al 2015c). According to Dearfield et al (1988), among polyphenols, hydroxytyrosol (HT) is the most abundant polyphenol present in olive oil in free form or linked to the dialdehydic form of elenolic acid and considered as an isomer of oleuropein aglycon.…”

“…K 182001) as reported by Kiprianova et al (2011) and Ghorbel et al (2015c). To verify the extent of DNA damage in the lung, we performed the DNA smear technique.…”

“…Acrylamide and aluminum (Al) are recognized worldwide as serious environmental contaminants. Coexposure to these compounds caused toxicity in soft tissues like liver (Ghorbel et al 2015a), kidney (Ghorbel et al 2015b), and heart (Ghorbel et al 2015c) of adult rats. The most usual Al exposure for the general population is through the diet, mainly from dietary additives (Fekete et al 2013).…”

The effect of Thymus vulgaris L. on renal and liver toxicity in wistar rats exposed to aluminum

“…Author(s) agree that this article remain permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License the kidney and liver (Ghorbel et al, 2015). The molecular mechanisms include membrane function disruption, oxidative stress induction and disruption of several metals' metabolism (Hasona and Ahmed, 2017).…”

Acrylamide: A Possible Risk Factor for Cardiac Health

“…GSH levels depleted in heart, decreased the permeability of membrane leading to leakage of enzymes creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase, their activities reflect the alterations in the heart. Histological examination of heart showed inflammation and marked vascular congestion [50].…”