Effects of dietary fatty acids and carbohydrates on the ratio of serum total to HDL cholesterol and on serum lipids and apolipoproteins: a meta-analysis of 60 controlled trials

Mensink, Ronald P.; Zock, P.L.; Kester, A.D.M.; Katan, Martijn B.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/77.5.1146

Cited by 2,405 publications

(2,070 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…The composition of their saturated and polyunsaturated FA met the recommendations of the European Food Safety Authority (2010) and the French Nutrition Society (Legrand et al, 2001), that is, a value of n-6 PUFA : n-3 PUFA ratio lower than 5 and a limited level of 16 : 0, a proatherogenic FA, compared with 18:0, which seems to favour the prevention of cardiovascular disease (Mensink et al, 2003;Seidel et al, 2005;Tholstrup, 2005). The higher proportion of 18 : 0 in meat FA from organically reared pasture-fed lambs could be explained by a higher rumen bio-hydrogenation of dietary PUFA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Comparison of meat and carcass quality in organically reared and conventionally reared pasture-fed lambs

Prache

Philippe

Thomas

et al. 2011

Animal

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The 'Organic' product label guarantees a production process that avoids the use of synthetic fertilisers, pesticides and hormones and minimises recourse to pharmaceuticals or veterinary drugs; however, the product's quality remains an issue that needs to be addressed in response to consumer demand. Consequently, this study was conducted to compare the sensory and nutritional qualities of meat and carcasses from pasture-fed lambs reared organically (O) or conventionally (C). Mean lamb growth profile was kept similar between the two treatments to avoid confounding effects with lamb age or weight at slaughter. The experiment was conducted over 3 years (2005 to 2007) with 12 O and 12 C lambs each year. The O and C treatments differed in the level of on-pasture mineral N fertilisation inducing a higher proportion of white clover in the organic pasture than the conventional pasture. Lambs were slaughtered when they attained a fat class of 2 to 3, and carcass and meat quality were evaluated. Lambs were slaughtered at an average weight and age of 35.3 kg and 156 days in the O treatment, respectively, and 35.2 kg and 155 days in the C treatment, respectively. Sensory evaluation indicated that loin chops from the O treatment had a higher level of abnormal fat odour compared with the C treatment. Carcasses from the O treatment had a softer subcutaneous fat one among 3 years (2007) compared to the C treatment. These results are probably due to a higher proportion of white clover in the diet. Organically reared lambs did offer the slight advantage of muscle fatty acid containing a higher level of stearic acid, which may have positive effects in the prevention of cardiovascular disease in humans. This may be the result of a higher rumen bio-hydrogenation of C18:3n-3 due to differences in the botanical composition between the O and the C pasture. Production system had no effect on the colour characteristics of the meat and subcutaneous fat, except lightness of subcutaneous dorsal fat, which was slightly higher in the O lambs. There were no differences between O and C lambs in terms of colour stability and lipid oxidation of the meat during the 6-day refrigerated storage under gas-permeable film.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Comparison of meat and carcass quality in organically reared and conventionally reared pasture-fed lambs

Prache

Philippe

Thomas

et al. 2011

Animal

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“…The effect of LA on ischemic stroke may act through several mechanisms. Numerous studies have thus reported a beneficial effect of LA on blood lipids and blood pressure 23, 24. Since hypercholesterolemia and hypertension have a different impact on the large precerebral arteries and the small cerebral arteries,9, 25, 26 this could partly explain the observed differences in risk between subtypes of ischemic stroke.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linoleic Acid in Adipose Tissue and Development of Ischemic Stroke: A Danish Case‐Cohort Study

Venø

Bork

Jakobsen

et al. 2018

JAHA

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BackgroundWe investigated the association between the content of linoleic acid in adipose tissue, a biomarker of long‐term intake of linoleic acid, and the risk of ischemic stroke and its subtypes.Methods and ResultsThe Danish cohort study Diet, Cancer and Health included 57 053 patients aged 50 to 65 years at enrollment. All participants had an adipose tissue biopsy performed at enrollment, while information on ischemic stroke during follow‐up was obtained from the Danish National Patient Register. Stroke diagnoses were all validated and classified according to the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) classification. Cases and a randomly drawn subcohort of 3500 patients had their fatty acid composition in adipose tissue determined by gas chromatography. Hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using weighted Cox proportional hazard regression. During 13.5 years of follow‐up, 1879 ischemic stroke cases were identified, for which 1755 adipose biopsies were available, while adipose biopsies were available for 3203 participants in the subcohort. When comparing the highest and the lowest quartiles of adipose tissue content of linoleic acid there was a negative association with the rate of total ischemic stroke (hazard ratio, 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.65–0.93) and large artery atherosclerosis (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% confidence interval, 0.43–0.88), while there was an indication of a negative association with small‐vessel occlusion (hazard ratio, 0.87; 95% confidence interval, 0.69–1.11). There was no clear association with the rate of cardioembolism.ConclusionsThe content of linoleic acid in adipose tissue was inversely associated with the risk of total ischemic stroke and stroke caused by large artery atherosclerosis.

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“…However, the recent meta-analysis of Mensink et al (2003) concluded that the overall effect of these FA on cardiovascular disease risk is neutral. The same review concluded that 16:0 had an overall negative effect, and in the present study this decreased with increasing MS inclusion.…”

Section: --mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of replacing grass silage with maize silage in the diet on bovine milk fatty acid composition

Kliem

Morgan

Humphries

et al. 2008

Animal

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Even though extensive research has examined the role of nutrition on milk fat composition, there is less information on the impact of forages on milk fatty acid (FA) composition. In the current study, the effect of replacing grass silage (GS) with maize silage (MS) as part of a total mixed ration on animal performance and milk FA composition was examined using eight multiparous mid-lactation cows in a replicated 4 3 4 Latin square with 28-day experimental periods. Four treatments comprised the stepwise replacement of GS with MS (0, 160, 334 and 500 g/kg dry matter (DM)) in diets containing a 54 : 46 forage : concentrate ratio on a DM basis. Replacing GS with MS increased (P , 0.001) the DM intake, milk yield and milk protein content. Incremental replacement of GS with MS in the diet enhanced linearly (P , 0.001) the proportions of 6:0-14:0, decreased (P , 0.01) the 16:0 concentrations, but had no effect on the total milk fat saturated fatty acid content. Inclusion of MS altered the distribution of trans-18:1 isomers and enhanced (P , 0.05) total trans monounsaturated fatty acid and total conjugated linoleic acid content. Milk total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content decreased with higher amounts of MS in the diet and n-6 PUFA concentration increased, leading to an elevated n-6 : n-3 PUFA ratio. Despite some beneficial changes associated with the replacement of GS with MS, the overall effects on milk FA composition would not be expected to substantially improve long-term human health. However, the role of forages on milk fat composition must also be balanced against the increases in total milk and protein yield on diets containing higher proportions of MS.

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Effects of dietary fatty acids and carbohydrates on the ratio of serum total to HDL cholesterol and on serum lipids and apolipoproteins: a meta-analysis of 60 controlled trials

Cited by 2,405 publications

References 106 publications

Comparison of meat and carcass quality in organically reared and conventionally reared pasture-fed lambs

Comparison of meat and carcass quality in organically reared and conventionally reared pasture-fed lambs

Linoleic Acid in Adipose Tissue and Development of Ischemic Stroke: A Danish Case‐Cohort Study

Effect of replacing grass silage with maize silage in the diet on bovine milk fatty acid composition

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