Effects of Dietary Glycine Betaine on Blood Characteristics and Pork Quality

Hwang, Young Hwa; Hur, Sun; Park, Gu Boo; Joo, Seon-Tea

doi:10.1111/j.1745-4573.2009.00169.x

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The overall effect of increased betaine intake probably depends on other dietary components (as shown in rats [7] ), the presence of disease, and tissue lipids. Two contrasting studies in pigs illustrate this point: betaine supplementation increased plasma lipids in castrated pigs of a genetically obese strain [29] , whereas a lower level of betaine supplementation decreased plasma lipids in non-obese female pigs [30] . A possible dose dependence of the effect of plasma betaine on lipids was suggested by Konstantinova et al [15] , and it is also plausible that the effect of betaine on plasma lipids depends on tissue lipid stores.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Lipids and Betaine Are Related in an Acute Coronary Syndrome Cohort

et al. 2011

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BackgroundLow plasma betaine has been associated with unfavorable plasma lipid profiles and cardiovascular risk. In some studies raised plasma betaine after supplementation is associated with elevations in plasma lipids. We aimed to measure the relationships between plasma and urine betaine and plasma lipids, and the effects of lipid-lowering drugs on these.MethodologyFasting plasma samples were collected from 531 subjects (and urine samples from 415) 4 months after hospitalization for an acute coronary syndrome episode. In this cross-sectional study, plasma betaine and dimethylglycine concentrations and urine excretions were compared with plasma lipid concentrations. Subgroup comparisons were made for gender, with and without diabetes mellitus, and for drug treatment.Principal FindingsPlasma betaine negatively correlated with triglyceride (Spearman's rs = −0.22, p<0.0001) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (rs = −0.27, p<0.0001). Plasma betaine was a predictor of BMI (p<0.05) and plasma non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride (p<0.001) independently of gender, age and the presence of diabetes. Using data grouped by plasma betaine decile, increasing plasma betaine was linearly related to decreases in BMI (p = 0.008) and plasma non-HDL cholesterol (p = 0.002). In a non-linear relationship betaine was negatively associated with elevated plasma triglycerides (p = 0.004) only for plasma betaine >45 µmol/L. Subjects taking statins had higher plasma betaine concentrations (p<0.001). Subjects treated with a fibrate had lower plasma betaine (p = 0.003) possibly caused by elevated urine betaine loss (p<0.001). The ratio of coenzyme Q to non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was higher in subjects with higher plasma betaine, and in subjects taking a statin.ConclusionLow plasma betaine concentrations correlated with an unfavourable lipid profile. Betaine deficiency may be common in the study population. Controlled clinical trials of betaine supplementation should be conducted in appropriate populations to determine whether correction affects cardiovascular risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Lipids and Betaine Are Related in an Acute Coronary Syndrome Cohort

et al. 2011

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“…Betaine, a naturally occurring molecule found naturallyin plants, microorganisms and animals, is a component of many common foods such as shellfish, wheat, beets and spinach. Additionally, betaine is an amino acid (trimethyl-glycine) present in most organisms and is an obligatory intermediate in the catabolism of choline [ 24 ]. The typical daily intake of betaine ranges from 1 to 2.5 g/day in humans [ 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Betaine Supplementation Enhances Lipid Metabolism and Improves Insulin Resistance in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

Shen

Tan

et al. 2018

Nutrients

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Obesity is a major driver of metabolic diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, certain cancers, and insulin resistance. However, there are no effective drugs to treat obesity. Betaine is a nontoxic, chemically stable and naturally occurring molecule. This study shows that dietary betaine supplementation significantly inhibits the white fat production in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. This might be due to betaine preventing the formation of new white fat (WAT), and guiding the original WAT to burn through stimulated mitochondrial biogenesis and promoting browning of WAT. Furthermore, dietary betaine supplementation decreases intramyocellular lipid accumulation in HFD-induced obese mice. Further analysis shows that betaine supplementation reduced intramyocellular lipid accumulation might be associated with increasing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), fatty acid oxidation, and the inhibition of fatty acid synthesis in muscle. Notably, by performing insulin-tolerance tests (ITTs) and glucose-tolerance tests (GTTs), dietary betaine supplementation could be observed for improvement of obesity and non-obesity induced insulin resistance. Together, these findings could suggest that inhibiting WAT production, intramyocellular lipid accumulation and inflammation, betaine supplementation limits HFD-induced obesity and improves insulin resistance.

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“…Several other authors have studied ways to improve the quality and oxidative stability of pork using nutritional factors [92][93][94][95][96][97].…”

Section: Regulation Of Pork Composition Using Nutritional Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hwang, Y. H. et al (2010) [95] fed Landrace x Yorkshire x Duroc hybrids with different doses of "betaine" 40 days before slaughter. The study of the fatty acid composition of pork showed that changes in the composition of the diet contributed to an increase in the proportion of saturated fatty acids and a decrease in unsaturated ones [95].…”

Section: Regulation Of Pork Composition Using Nutritional Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromatographic Methods for Evaluation of the Amino Acid and Fatty Acid Compositions Related with Pork Quality

Bogolyubova¹,

Zaitsev²

2020

Preprint

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The increasing demand for high-quality livestock products dictates to develop approaches to assessing the composition of the fatty acids (CFAs) and amino acids (CAAs) in animal tissues. The review considers the following issues: chromatographic methods for the determination of CAAs and CFAs of pig tissues; factors influencing the CAAs and CFAs of pig tissues; methods of regulating CAAs and CFAs of pork using nutritional factors; the effect of CAAs and CFAs on formation of meat properties. The main methods for determining CAAs or CFAs are the ion-exchange or gas chromatography, respectively. The total FA amount and individual FAs have significant effects on the tenderness, taste, color and juiciness of pork meat (due to the different melting points of particular fatty acids, formation of lipid oxidation products during cooking, etc.). Muscle proteins of pigs with regulated fatness differ also in CAAs (decreasing by increase in “pork fat” and decrease in the protein’s amount. The significance of this review is also determined by high popularity of pork in Russia and in a number of other countries of the world.

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Effects of Dietary Glycine Betaine on Blood Characteristics and Pork Quality

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

Plasma Lipids and Betaine Are Related in an Acute Coronary Syndrome Cohort

Plasma Lipids and Betaine Are Related in an Acute Coronary Syndrome Cohort

Betaine Supplementation Enhances Lipid Metabolism and Improves Insulin Resistance in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

Chromatographic Methods for Evaluation of the Amino Acid and Fatty Acid Compositions Related with Pork Quality

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