Effects of Dietary Inclusion of Red Ginseng Byproduct on Growth, Body Composition, Serum Chemistry, and Lysozyme Activity in Juvenile Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

Abstract

This study examined the effects of the dietary inclusion of various concentrations of red ginseng byproduct (RB) and a mixture containing red ginseng byproduct, garlic extract, yeast and filler (CR) on the growth, body composition, serum chemistry, and lysozyme activity of juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Juvenile fish (n = 630) weighing 5.0-g were randomly distributed into 21 180-L flow-through tanks (30 fish/tank). Seven experimental diets were prepared in triplicate: a control diet without additive, and diets containing 0.5, 1 and 2% concentrations of RB (RB-0.5, RB-1, RB-2) and CR (CR-0.5, CR-1, CR-2) at the expense of wheat flour. After an 8-week feeding trial, serum chemistry and lysozyme activity of fish were measured. Mean weight gain was significantly higher in fish fed the control diet than in fish fed the RB and CR diets. The dietary inclusion of RB and CR reduced feed utilization. Mean serum glucose and triglyceride (TG) levels were higher in fish fed the control diet than in fish fed the other diets. Mean glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) levels of fish fed the control and RB-2 diets were higher than those of fish fed the RB-0.5, RB-1, CR-1, and CR-2 diets. Mean lysozyme activity levels of fish fed the RB-0.5 and RB-1 diets were higher than those of fish fed the control and CR diets. The results of this study indicate that red ginseng byproduct may be utilized as an immunostimulant rather than as a growth promoter for juvenile olive flounder. Dietary inclusion of 0.5% red ginseng byproduct effectively improved serum glucose, GPT, TG, and lysozyme activity of the fish in this study.

Herbal Plants as a Promising Future in Raising Growth and Immunity Compared with Antibiotic in Sea Bream Sparus Auratus

“…All groups that received XTRACT ® extract by both doses or combined with Flumequine were significantly higher in weight gain % than group that received Flumequine alone, these agree with Choi I, et al [43], Nakagawa H, et al [12], while disagree with Sanchez-Martínez JG, et al [44]. The specific growth rate of all treated groups in our work was significantly higher than control untreated group, these results correspond with Choi I, et al [43] while disagree with Maass N, et al [45] who examined the effect of feeding oxytetracycline on the growth of catfish for 11 weeks and found that the specific growth rate showed no significant change in the oxytetracycline treated fish. Group received Echinacea extract showed a significantly higher value in comparison with other groups, these work in with Nakagawa H, et al…”

“…[12], Kasiri M, et al [41], Goda S, [42]. The best feed utilization was for groups received XTRACT ® extract by both doses with Flumequine followed by groups received XTRACT ® extract by both doses then group received Flumequine alone and finally the control group, these findings consistent with Przybilla P, et al [46], Choi I, et al [43]. On the other hand conflict with Sanchez-Martínez JG, et al [44], Maass N, et al [45].…”

“…[12], Choi I, et al [43] and Hayashi I, et al [48]. The bactericidal ability of serum of group that received XTRACT ® extract by both doses was significantly higher than control untreated group.…”

Study of the non‐covalent interactions of ginsenosides and lysozyme using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

“…Choi et al . observed that red ginseng byproduct effectively improved lysozyme activity of juvenile olive flounder . However, there are very few reports on the interaction of ginsenosides and lysozyme .…”

“…[18] Choi et al observed that red ginseng byproduct effectively improved lysozyme activity of juvenile olive flounder. [19] However, there are very few reports on the interaction of ginsenosides and lysozyme. [20,21] Previous studies by Qu et al reported the interaction of lysozyme with two protopanaxatriol-type ginsenosides (Rg 1 and Re) under harsh experimental conditions with a high content of organic solvent and acetic acid, respectively.…”