Effects of dietary levels of essential oil extracts from Moringa oleifera and Artemisia afra on kidney histology, haemato‐immunological parameters and disease resistance in Clarias gariepinus

Abstract

This experiment investigated the effect of dietary supplementation with essential oils from Artemisia afra and Moringa oleifera on haemato‐immunological parameters and resistance in Clarias gariepinus (African Sharptooth catfish) (Burchell, 1822) challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. The experiment lasted for 45 days. Prior to and postchallenge, white blood cells significantly increased (p < .05) from the 3% to 12% M. oleifera and A. afra supplementation. Pre‐challenge, no significant differences (p > .05) in red blood cells, haemoglobin and haematocrit were observed between the control and M. oleifera supplementation, while in the A. afra supplementation, RBC and HCT significantly increased from the 6% to 12%. Postchallenge, RBC, HGB and HCT were significantly lower (p < .05) in the control and the 3% and 6% M. oleifera and A. afra supplementation. Both pre‐ and postchallenge, nitro‐blue tetrazolium levels significantly increased (p < .05) from the 3% to 12% M. oleifera supplementation while no significant differences (p > .05) were observed in lysozyme activity between the control and treatment groups. In A. afra, NBT and lysozyme activities increased significantly (p < .05) from the 6% to 12% supplementation pre‐ and postchallenge. Survival rate increased from the 3% to 12% in M. oleifera and A. afra supplementation groups. Significant kidney histological alterations were noted in the control and the 3% and 6% supplementation of both plants postchallenge, while no major histological changes were observed between treatment groups and the control pre‐challenge. The results demonstrate that EO from M. oleifera and A. afra can improve immunity and enhance survival in C. gariepinus.

Dietary Artemisia, Artemisia annua , supplementation improves common carp welfare under high stocking density

“…Therefore, it is speculated that dietary Artemisia supplementation improved antioxidant capacity, thereby reduced haemolysis in the HD treatments. Similar to the present results, Mbokane and Moyo (2020) found dietary addition of Moringa oleifera and Artemisia arfa significantly mitigated haemolysis following a bacterial challenge in African sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus , which seems to be related to mitigated oxidative stress induced by the infection.…”

“…There is no study evaluating the effects of Artemisia on the blood WBC under crowding stress in fish; however, other Artemisia sp. have been beneficial in elevating the blood WBC in African sharptooth catfish (Mbokane & Moyo, 2020) and changing the blood WBC profile in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Gholamhosseini et al, 2021). The present results demonstrated that Artemisia is capable with preventing/mitigating the adverse effects of high stocking density on the blood leukocytes.…”

Successes and Challenges of Catfish Farming in the Small-Scale Industry in Southern Africa

“…All that is required is to train farmers to prepare diets containing plant material, injections, and baths. Studies undertaken in South Africa have shown that commonly used medicinal plants, namely, Artemisia afra and Moringa oleifera, improved immunity and disease resistance in Oreochromis mossambicus and C. gariepinus [34,35]. These studies showed that dietary supplementation with these plants improved immunity in C. gariepinus and increased resistance against A. hydrophila, which is one of the most problematic pathogens in catfish culture.…”

Pengaruh Perendaman Kombinasi Ekstrak Daun Kelor dan Jahe Merah pada Ikan Lele Dumbo (Clarias gariepinus) yang Diinfeksi Aeromonas hydrophila

“…Namun penggunaan antibiotik tidak dapat digunakan secara berkelanjutan karena dapat menyebabkan beberapa patogen menjadi resisten. Antibiotik juga dapat bersifat residu pada tubuh ikan (Mbokane dan Moyo, 2019). Salah satu cara yang relatif aman bagi ikan maupun lingkungan dalam mengobati infeksi A. hydrophila adalah dengan menggunakan tanaman sebagai obat herbal sebagai pengganti antibiotik (Tewari et al, 2012;Nahak dan Sahu, 2014).…”

“…Daun kelor memiliki kandungan flavonoid, tanin, saponin, alkaloid, dan terpenoid yang terbukti mampu melawan agen infeksious pada A. hydrophila, serta meningkatkan sistem imun pada ikan (Hammed et al, 2015;Gbadamosi et al, 2016;Rosidah et al, 2018;Mbokane dan Moyo, 2019). Jahe merah bersifat antibakteri dan anti-inflamasi karena memiliki kandungan gingerol, shogaol, zingebren, dan zingeron yang termasuk dalam senyawa fenol.…”