Effects of dietary lipid sources on performance and apparent total tract digestibility of lipids and energy when fed to nursery pigs1

Abstract

Acidulated fats and oils are by-products of the fat-refining industry. They contain high levels of FFA and are 10% to 20% less expensive than refined fats and oils. Two studies were designed to measure the effects of dietary lipid sources low or high in FFA on growth performance and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of lipids and GE in nursery pigs. In Exp. 1, 189 pigs at 14 d postweaning (BW of 9.32 ± 0.11 kg) were used for 21 d with 9 replicate pens per treatment and 3 pigs per pen. Dietary treatments consisted of a control diet without added lipids and 6 diets with 6% inclusion of lipids. Four lipid sources were combined to create the dietary treatments with 2 levels of FFA (0.40% or 54.0%) and 3 degrees of fat saturation (iodine value [IV] = 77, 100, or 123) in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. Lipid sources were soybean oil (0.3% FFA and IV = 129.4), soybean-cottonseed acid oil blend (70.5% FFA and IV = 112.9), choice white grease (0.6% FFA and IV = 74.8), and choice white acid grease (56.0% FFA and IV = 79.0). Addition of lipid sources decreased ADFI (810 vs. 872 g/d; P = 0.018) and improved G:F (716 vs. 646 g/kg; P < 0.001). Diets high in FFA tended (P = 0.08) to improve final BW (21.35 vs. 21.01 kg) and ADG (576 vs. 560 g/d). Lipid-supplemented diets had greater ATTD of lipids than control diets (67.4% vs. 29.7%; P < 0.001). Apparent total tract digestibility of lipids was greater in diets with low FFA (69.9% vs. 64.9%; P < 0.001) and decreased linearly with increasing IV (73.2%, 69.1%, and 67.2%). For GE, ATTD was greater in diets with low FFA (83.1% vs. 80.9%; P = 0.001). In Exp. 2, 252 pigs at 7 d postweaning (BW of 7.0 ± 0.2 kg) were used for 28 d with 9 replicate pens per treatment and 4 pigs per pen. Diets included a control diet without added lipids and 6 treatments with 2.5%, 5.0%, or 7.5% of lipids from either poultry fat (1.9% FFA) or acidulated poultry fat (37.8% FFA) in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. Addition of lipids increased (P < 0.001) final BW (19.9 vs. 18.4 kg) and ADG (460 vs. 405 g/d) regardless of source. Fat increased (P < 0.001) ADFI when added at 2.5% and then decreased ADFI with each further increment (663, 740, 681, and 653 g for 0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, and 7.5% fat, respectively). Inclusion of lipids linearly (P < 0.001) improved G:F (615, 615, 688, and 692 g/kg for 0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, and 7.5% fat, respectively) and ATTD of lipids (17.8%, 50.2%, 71.0%, and 77.3% for 0, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5% fat, respectively) and GE (76.1%, 76.4%, 83.3%, and 84.4% for 0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, and 7.5% fat, respectively). Acidulated lipids resulted in similar performance compared with refined lipids and could be economical alternatives to more expensive lipid sources.

Endogenous Losses of Fat and Fatty Acids in Growing Pigs Are Not Affected by Vegetable Oil Sources but by the Method of Estimation

“…Oil sources containing different fatty acid compositions may affect digestion, absorption and metabolic utilization of dietary fat [5], which may also affect reabsorption of endogenous fat. Therefore, four vegetable oils were chosen for their starkly different fatty acid compositions.…”

“…True digestibility of fat is more reflective of fat availability [3]. Furthermore, fatty acids are the most important factors determining the nutritive value of fat [4,5]. However, there has been limited information about the endogenous losses of fatty acids (ELFA) published previously.…”

Research Article Gene expression analysis by RNA-sequencing of <i>Longissimus</i> <i>dorsi</i> muscle of pigs fed diets with differing lipid contents

“…Nutritional requirements for pigs depend on various factors, such as sex, age, physiological state and environmental conditions (Beyli et al, 2012;García-Contreras et al, 2012). As for the lipid content (ether extract), in the case of animals with a body weight between 20-60 kg, it an inclusion range from 4 to 8% is recommended (FEDNA, 2013); although some researchers have indicated values outside this range (Mendoza et al, 2014;Pavéz González, 2014).…”

Effect of glucose, soya oil and glutamine on protein expression and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 pathway of jejunal crypt enterocytes in weaned piglets

“…Pigs fed with glucose or soya oil had better growth performance due to enhanced feed intake, whereas pigs supplemented with glutamine have improved immunity (10) . Glucose, fatty acids and glutamine have different metabolism pathways; thus, they may have different physiological functions (11)(12)(13) . On the basis of previously published research, we hypothesised that the intestinal metabolism may be altered at the organismal level in those pigs.…”