Effects of Dietary Mannan Oligosaccharides on Non-Specific Immunity, Intestinal Health, and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

Abstract

This study was conducted to comprehensively investigate the beneficial effects of a mannan oligosaccharide product (hereinafter called MOS) on Litopenaeus vannamei and optimum level of MOS. Five isonitrogenous and isolipid diets were formulated by adding 0%, 0.02%, 0.04%, 0.08%, and 0.16% MOS in the basal diet. Each diet was randomly fed to one group with four replicates of shrimp in an 8-week feeding trial. The results showed that dietary MOS improved the growth performance and the ability of digestion of shrimp. Dietary MOS significantly increased the activity of total superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase and decreased the content of malondialdehyde in plasma of shrimp. Dietary MOS significantly increased the activity of alkaline phosphatase and lysozyme in plasma and the hemocyte counts. Dietary MOS significantly upregulated the expression of Toll, lysozyme, anti-lipopolysaccharide factor, Crustin, and heat shock protein 70 in the hepatopancreas. And dietary MOS significantly upregulated the expression of intestinal mucin-2, mucin-5B, and mucin-19, while it decreased the expression of intestinal mucin-1 and macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Dietary MOS improved the bacterial diversity; increased the abundance of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, and Pseudoalteromonas; and decreased the abundance of Vibrio in the intestine. Shrimp fed MOS diets showed lower mortality after being challenged by Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Notably, this study found a decrease in antibiotic resistance genes and mobile genetic elements after MOS supplementation for the first time. The present results showed that diet with MOS supplementation enhanced the organismal antioxidant capacity and immunity, improved intestinal immunity, optimized intestinal microecology, mitigated the degree of antibiotic resistance, and increased the resistance to V. parahaemolyticus in L. vannamei, especially when supplemented at 0.08% and 0.16%.

The Assessment of Dietary Organic Zinc on Zinc Homeostasis, Antioxidant Capacity, Immune Response, Glycolysis and Intestinal Microbiota in White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone, 1931)

“…Few studies have reported the effects of zinc on intestinal microbiota in shrimp. The present study found that Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota were the predominant phyla, and Candidatus_Bacilloplasma , Vibrio and Spongiimonas were the predominant genera, which is consistent with previous results in shrimp [ 80 , 81 ]. Moreover, the cluster results showed that the microbiota community was migrated by the dosage of organic zinc, especially in the O60, O90 and O120 groups, since the top 10 bacteria were similar among all groups and alpha diversity did not differ greatly.…”

Cultivable endophytic fungal community associated with the karst endemic plant Nervilia fordii and their antimicrobial activity

“…Antibiotic resistance has become a serious problem threating global public health (Malhadas et al, 2017;Wang et al, 2021), suggesting roles of new antimicrobial drugs in solving this increasingly serious problem in addition to the proper use of antibiotics. Unfortunately, it has become increasingly…”

“…Antibiotic resistance has become a serious problem threating global public health ( Malhadas et al, 2017 ; Wang et al, 2021 ), suggesting roles of new antimicrobial drugs in solving this increasingly serious problem in addition to the proper use of antibiotics. Unfortunately, it has become increasingly difficult to find new antibiotics from the conventional soil environment, resulting in nearly three decades without a new antibiotic ( Böttcher et al, 2021 ).…”

Protective Properties of Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase Supplementation on the Intestinal Barrier: Interactions and Effects

“…38 In an 8 week feeding trial, shrimp with mannan oligosaccharide supplementation improved their intestinal immunity by increasing IAP activity. 39 Additionally, Caco-2 cells treated with galactose oligosaccharide showed an upregulation in IAP. 40 Together, these results suggest that carbohydrates can effectively increase IAP levels.…”

“…Dietary fermentable oligosaccharides increased IAP activity and expression, and mucin and microbial fermentation, thereby maintaining intestinal homeostasis . In an 8 week feeding trial, shrimp with mannan oligosaccharide supplementation improved their intestinal immunity by increasing IAP activity . Additionally, Caco-2 cells treated with galactose oligosaccharide showed an upregulation in IAP .…”