Effects of dietary metabolisable energy, calcium and phosphorus on bone mineralisation, leg weakness and performance of broiler chickens

Venäläinen, Eija; Valaja, Jarmo; Jalava, Taina

doi:10.1080/00071660600741776

Cited by 70 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In modern meat-type chickens, bone strength and development are closely linked to the expression of genetic potential for maximum lean muscle deposition (Williams et al, 2004). Overall, the results of the current study suggest that bone mineral content and bone mineral density may be more sensitive indicators of dietary Ca and P concentrations in broilers than tibia breaking strength (Venäläinen et al, 2006).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

The effect of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> leaf meal supplementation on tibia strength, morphology and inorganic content of broiler chickens

Nkukwana¹,

Muchenje²,

Masika³

et al. 2014

SA J. An. Sci.

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This study was conducted to assess the effects of dietary Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) supplementation as a possible alternative to antibiotic growth promoters on bone breaking strength (BBS), tibia bone morphology and inorganic ash content in broiler chickens. A total of 2400 one-day-old Cobb-500 broiler chicks of mixed sex were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments in six replications of 80 birds per pen. Dietary treatments were as follows: T1, positive control, 668 g salinomycin and 500 g zinc bacitracin per kg of feed; T2, T3 and T4, graded levels of MOLM, that is (starter (1, 3 and 5 g), grower (3, 9 and 15 g) and finisher (5, 15 and 25 g)) per kg of feed; and T5, a negative control (without supplementation). Birds were provided with feed and water ad libitum. Bodyweights (BW) and feed intake (FI) of broilers were measured weekly, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) and average daily gains were calculated accordingly. At 35 days (d) of age, 12 birds per treatment, two from each replicate pen, were randomly selected, stunned electrically at 70 volts, and slaughtered by cervical dislocation. Six left and right tibiae were randomly chosen from each treatment, without being de-fleshed, and were sealed individually in plastic bags to minimize moisture loss. The tibiae were stored at −18 ºC for BBS and tibia ash determination, as well as analyses of their calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) composition. Of birds fed diets with higher MOLM levels, T4 had the highest BW, while T1 had the lowest. On days 7 and 21, birds on T4 had the highest average daily gain (ADG) and T1 the lowest, respectively. There were no significant dietary effects in FI on days 7, 21 and 35; while on days 21 and 35, FCR (feed : gain) was highest in MOLM-supplemented birds and lowest in T1 birds, respectively. There were no treatment effects on tibia length (TL), tibia weight (TW) and/or dried tibia weight (DW). A positive correlation (r = 0.667) was observed between TW and DW. There were no treatment effects on BBS and ash percentage, but tibia ash weight was highest in T4 and lowest in T2. Calcium percentage was highest in T1, and lowest in T2 and T5. Phosphorus percentage was lowest in T1 and highest in T5. The highest Ca : P ratio was obtained in T4. The positive correlation observed between BW, TW and TL, and the high P, Ca and ash levels in tibiae from MOLM-supplemented birds depicts the genetic relationship that exists among these parameters. Furthermore, it reveals the effectiveness of MOLM supplementation to enhance nutrient utilization efficiency, increase mineral bioavailability and support bone strength.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

The effect of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> leaf meal supplementation on tibia strength, morphology and inorganic content of broiler chickens

Nkukwana¹,

Muchenje²,

Masika³

et al. 2014

SA J. An. Sci.

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“…Da Silva et al (2001b) reported 37.01% of Ca and 20.55% of P in ash from the tibiotarsus. Venäläinen et al (2006) found that the levels of ash, Ca and P in the tibiotarsus from males were higher than those in females. By contrast, Hulan et al (1985) detected lower levels in male chickens, which are similar to our findings.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Chemical composition of bone tissue in broiler chickens intended for slaughter

Suchý¹,

Straková²,

Herzig³

et al. 2009

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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Selected parameters characterizing the chemical composition of bones were determined in 60 male and 60 female hybrid Ross 308 chickens aged 40 days at the end of the fattening period. The chickens received a complete feed mixture intended for pre-feeding (starter) in a period from the start of the experiment until Day 10, followed by the feed mixture intended for fattening until Day 30 (grower), and the feed mixture for the third phase of fattening, i.e. until Day 40 (finisher). The feed mixtures and drinking water were provided ad libitum. At the end of the experiment, chickens were slaughtered and the femur and the tibiotarsus from the right pelvic limb were collected and the following parameters were determined in wet tissue: dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) (N × 6.25), fat, ash, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg); the content of organic matter was calculated. The resultant values were recalculated to 100% of DM. Differences between males and females in the chemical composition of retrieved bones were investigated. The content of CP in wet tissue from both bones ranged from 354.0 ± 11.8 to 365.1 ± 14.3 g/kg being significantly lower (P < 0.01) in the tibiotarsus. Differences between sexes were very small. The content of fat in the bones ranged from 16.12 ± 8.71 to 16.17 ± 8.85 g/kg, with higher levels of fat being detected in female chickens (17.16 ± 8.53 to 17.24 ± 8.28 g/kg) as compared to male chickens (15.01 ± 9.05 to 15.19 ± 9.12 g/kg). No statistically significant differences between the femur and the tibiotarsus were detected. The levels of ash ranged from 472.2 ± 13.1 to 480.1 ± 10.83 g/kg, being statistically higher in the tibiotarsus in both male and female chickens (P < 0.01; P < 0.001). The levels of Ca ranged from 180.4 ± 8.57 to 181.6 ± 12.32 g/kg, showing higher values in both bones from female chickens (181.7 ± 9.17 to 183.8 ± 14.71 g/kg), as compared to male chickens (179.2 ± 7.8 to 179.3 ± 8.91 g/kg). No statistically significant changes were found. The levels of P ranged from 83.17 ± 9.82 to 83.29 ± 7.42 g/kg, with higher levels being observed in female chickens (84.1 ± 9.21 to 89.8 ± 7.47 g/kg), as compared to male chickens (76.5 ± 6.93 to 82.5 ± 5.00 g/kg). The levels of P were significantly higher in the femur (P < 0.001) in female chickens and in the tibiotarsus (P < 0.001) in male chickens. The Ca:P ratios for both analysed bones was greater in males (femur 2.20, tibiotarsus 2.21), as compared to females (femur 1.98, tibiotarsus 2.09). The mean weight of male and female broiler chickens on Day 40 was 2 694 ± 32.6 g and 2 345 ± 23.9 g, respectively. In comparison with the expected performance parameters of ROSS 308 hybrid chickens, the weight increased in both male and female chickens by 8.2% and 10.6%, respectively. Although the chickens grew very quickly, no clinical signs indicating pathological changes in the bone system were found.

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“…Even though dietary energy and protein levels have no notable effect on tibia breaking strength (Venalainen et al, 2006), high nutrient densities may improve chicken growth and weight gain (Corzo et al, 2004;Kidd et al, 2004;Zhai et al, 2013), thereby resulting in higher load weight capacities of their leg bones. Absolute bone breaking strength is positively related to body size (Leterrier and Nys, 1992;Shim et al, 2012a, b), however, relative breaking strength, which is expressed as breaking strength per unit of BW, may decrease with increased body mass (Chen et al, 2006;Shim et al, 2012b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein Source and Nutrient Density in the Diets of Male Broilers from 8 to 21 Days of Age: Effects on Tibia Dimension, Breaking Strength, and Mineral Density

et al. 2015

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The effects of supplemental protein source, and amino acid (AA) and apparent metabolizable energy (AME) densities in the diets of broilers on their growth performance and intestinal development were reported in companion studies. The effects of protein source, and AA and AME densities on the tibias of male Ross×Ross 708 broiler chicks were investigated in the current study. A completely randomized block design with a 2×2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments was applied (10 blocks, 8 treatments/block, 14 chicks/pen). Diets fed from 8 to 21 days of age (d) were formulated to contain two protein sources [high inclusion of distiller's dried grains with solubles diet (hDDGS) or high inclusion of meat and bone meal diet (hMBM)], two AA densities (moderate or high) and two AME densities (moderate or high). Tibias from 2 chicks/pen at 21 d were sampled. Chicks fed a high AA diet exhibited longer tibias than did chicks fed a moderate AA diet. Chicks fed hDDGS diets with a high AME density exhibited larger tibia circumferences as compared to those fed hMBM diets with a high AME density. Dietary treatment did not affect tibia breaking strength, ash content, or calcium, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, manganese, and magnesium concentrations in the tibia. Because feeding chicks high AME diets increased their BW, the weights of their tibia, and tibial calcium and phosphorus weights relative to BW were decreased. In birds fed high AA diets, the feeding of hMBM diets improved tibia breaking strength relative to BW when compared to the feeding of hDDGS diets. In conclusion, either hDDGS or hMBM diets can be fed to male broilers from 8 to 21 d without affecting mineral deposition in their tibias. In addition, high AME diets may improve broiler BW without affecting tibia strength.

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Effects of dietary metabolisable energy, calcium and phosphorus on bone mineralisation, leg weakness and performance of broiler chickens

Cited by 70 publications

References 26 publications

The effect of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> leaf meal supplementation on tibia strength, morphology and inorganic content of broiler chickens

The effect of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> leaf meal supplementation on tibia strength, morphology and inorganic content of broiler chickens

Chemical composition of bone tissue in broiler chickens intended for slaughter

Protein Source and Nutrient Density in the Diets of Male Broilers from 8 to 21 Days of Age: Effects on Tibia Dimension, Breaking Strength, and Mineral Density

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