“…It is classified into nutrient and nonnutrient supplement and it is given at less than one percent level of the compounded feeds (Mohammed and Attaai et al, 2011;Senosy et al, 2017Senosy et al, , 2018Halmemies-Beauc het-Filleau et al ., 2018;Mohammed and Al-Suwaiegh, 2023). It is given to ruminant and non-ruminant animals for different purposes including changes in feed intake and rumen micro-organisms, nutrient digestibility and body weight gain (Ali et al, 2021;Al-Mufarji et al, 2022 a,b,c), ovarian follicle development and the resulting oocyte and embryo quality (Mohammed, 2018;Mohammed and Farghaly et al, 2018) in addition to treatment or alleviate dysfunctions (Mohammed et al, 2012;Mohammed, 2019;Mohammed and Al-Hozab, 2020;Ali et al, 2021;Al Masruri et al, 2022c). The beneficial components of supplements includes proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, pigments, vitamins, minerals and other active substances (Fig 1).…”