Effects of dietary nano-iron on growth, hematological parameters, immune antioxidant response, and hypoxic tolerance in juvenile Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)

He, Kuo; Huang, Rui; Cheng, Liangshun; Liu, Qiao; Zhang, Yaoyi; Yan, Haoxiao; Hu, Yifan; Zhao, Liulan; Yang, Song

doi:10.1016/j.aqrep.2023.101759

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 55 publications

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“…In the present investigation, arsenic, ammonia, and high temperature stress substantially upregulated the gene regulation of SOD, CAT, and GPx in fish liver tissue ( 23 ). However, dietary Fe-NPs at 15 mg kg -1 noticeably downregulated the gene expression of SOD, CAT, and GPx, reducing reactive oxygen species ( 78 , 79 ). This could be attributed to the role of Fe-NPs in maintaining oxidative stress by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and acting as oxygen carrier proteins that regulate the antioxidant status of the fish ( 80 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Unraveling gene regulation mechanisms in fish: insights into multistress responses and mitigation through iron nanoparticles

Kumar,

Thorat,

Gunaware

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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The recent trend of global warming poses a significant threat to ecosystems worldwide. This global climate change has also impacted the pollution levels in aquatic ecosystems, subsequently affecting human health. To address these issues, an experiment was conducted to investigate the mitigating effects of iron nanoparticles (Fe-NPs) on arsenic and ammonia toxicity as well as high temperature stress (As+NH3+T). Fe-NPs were biologically synthesized using fish waste and incorporated into feed formulations at 10, 15, and 20 mg kg-1 diet. A total of 12 treatments were designed in triplicate following a completely randomized design involving 540 fish. Fe-NPs at 15 mg kg-1 diet notably reduced the cortisol levels in fish exposed to multiple stressors. The gene expressions of HSP 70, DNA damage-inducible protein (DDIP), and DNA damage were upregulated by stressors (As+NH3+T) and downregulated by Fe-NPs. Apoptotic genes (Cas 3a and 3b) and detoxifying genes (CYP 450), metallothionein (MT), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were downregulated by Fe-NPs at 15 mg kg-1 diet in fish subjected to As+NH3+T stress. Immune-related genes such as tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), immunoglobulin (Ig), and interleukin (IL) were upregulated by Fe-NPs, indicating enhanced immunity in fish under As+NH3+T stress. Conversely, Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression was notably downregulated by Fe-NPs at 15 mg kg-1 diet in fish under As+NH3+T stress. Immunological attributes such as nitro blue tetrazolium chloride, total protein, albumin, globulin, A:G ratio, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were improved by dietary Fe-NPs at 15 mg kg-1 diet in fish, regardless of stressors. The antioxidant genes (CAT, SOD, and GPx) were also strengthened by Fe-NPs in fish. Genes associated with growth performance, such as growth hormone regulator (GHR1 and GHRβ), growth hormone (GH), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF 1X and IGF 2X), were upregulated, enhancing fish growth under stress, while SMT and MYST were downregulated by Fe-NPs in the diet. Various growth performance indicators were improved by dietary Fe-NPs at 15 mg kg-1 diet. Notably, Fe-NPs also enhanced arsenic detoxification and reduced the cumulative mortality after a bacterial infection. In conclusion, this study highlights that dietary Fe-NPs can effectively mitigate arsenic and ammonia toxicity as well as high temperature stress by modulating gene expression in fish.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Unraveling gene regulation mechanisms in fish: insights into multistress responses and mitigation through iron nanoparticles

Kumar,

Thorat,

Gunaware

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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Dietary nano iron enhanced intestinal physical barrier, antioxidant capacity and immune function of juvenile Largemouth Bass (Micropterus nigricans)

He,

Huang,

Yang

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Nano-additives can improve the absorption and utilization of feed nutrients. In this study, we reported the effects of supplementary nano iron (0, 30, 60, 120, 240 and 480 mg/kg) on intestinal tract function of largemouth bass juveniles. Firstly, 60 mg/kg of supplementary nano iron improved the specific growth rate, and significantly increased the height and width of intestinal villi and intestinal absorption area, and improved the intestinal physical barrier of juvenile largemouth bass. Secondly, the supplementation of low concentration of nano iron can significantly increase the activity of intestinal antioxidant enzymes (CAT and T-SOD), enhance the expression of antioxidant-related genes (SOD1, Nrf-2) and proteins (CAT; P < 0.05), and decrease malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Meanwhile, supplementation with 60 mg/kg of nano iron resulted in the highest survival rate following intraperitoneal injection of Nocardia. However, supplementation of 480 mg/kg would compromise the immune and antioxidant capacity of juvenile largemouth bass. This was evidenced by increased expression of inflammatory and apoptotic genes, significant reduction in the expression of intestinal tight junction genes (ZO-1, Acludin1, Acludin7; P < 0.05), impairment of intestinal physical barriers, and exacerbation of oxidative stress levels in the organism, ultimately resulting in decreased immunity. In conclusion, moderate supplementation of nano iron appears to enhance the intestinal physical barrier, antioxidant capacity, and immune function of juvenile largemouth bass.

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Effects of Dietary Ferroporphyrin Supplementation on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Immune Response, and Oxygen-Carrying Capacity in Gibel Carp (Carassius auratus gibelio)

Wang,

Zhang,

Liang

et al. 2024

Animals

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An eight-week experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary ferroporphyrin (FPR) supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune response, and oxygen-carrying capacity in gibel carp. The results demonstrated that the addition of FPR increased the moisture content of the whole fish body. Supplementation with 0.01% FPR significantly increased the plasma albumin (ALB), total protein (TP), and total cholesterol (TC) contents. The addition of 0.03% and 0.04% FPR significantly increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, respectively, while the glucose (GLU), TC, and total triglyceride (TG) levels showed opposite trends. In terms of antioxidant capacity, the 0.03% and 0.04% dietary FPR supplementation increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) exhibited an opposite trend to MDA levels. The supplementation of 0.03% of FPR resulted in a notable reduction in mRNA expression levels of nrf2, keap1, cat, and gpx. Regarding immunity, 0.01% FPR supplementation down-regulated the expression levels of il-1β mRNA, while 0.02% FPR down-regulated il-6 and nf-κb expression levels. Furthermore, 0.02% FPR supplementation significantly up-regulated the il-10 mRNA expression levels. In terms of oxygen-carrying capacity, high levels of FPR (0.03% and 0.04%) were found to influence the epo and vegf mRNA expression. In conclusion, the incorporation of dietary 0.01–0.02% FPR improved the immune system of gibel carp without affecting their antioxidant and oxygen-carrying capacity. However, supplementation with higher levels of FPR (0.03–0.04%) led to decreased antioxidant and oxygen-carrying capacity.

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Effects of dietary nano-iron on growth, hematological parameters, immune antioxidant response, and hypoxic tolerance in juvenile Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)

Cited by 3 publications

References 55 publications

Unraveling gene regulation mechanisms in fish: insights into multistress responses and mitigation through iron nanoparticles

Unraveling gene regulation mechanisms in fish: insights into multistress responses and mitigation through iron nanoparticles

Dietary nano iron enhanced intestinal physical barrier, antioxidant capacity and immune function of juvenile Largemouth Bass (Micropterus nigricans)

Effects of Dietary Ferroporphyrin Supplementation on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Immune Response, and Oxygen-Carrying Capacity in Gibel Carp (Carassius auratus gibelio)

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