Effects of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Performance during Single and Repeated Bouts of Short-Duration High-Intensity Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials

Alsharif, Nehal; Clifford, Tom; Al-Hebshi, Abrar H.; Rowland, Samantha N; Bailey, Stephen J.

doi:10.3390/antiox12061194

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…The reviewed studies in this article show evidence of the positive effects of red spinach standardized extract on improving VT [14,15,17], VO 2 max, and peak power during increasing cycling exercise [17], increasing TTE [18], peak power on the Wingate anaerobic test [20], and decreasing the fatigue index [16]. These findings are consistent with the results of a recent investigation, in which dietary NO 3 − from beetroot supplementation had small but significant positive effects on some performance outcomes during single and repeated bouts of high-intensity exercise [31], as well as endurance, high-power explosive, and high-intensity intermittent exercise [32].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Exploring the Impact of Alternative Sources of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Exercise Performance

Jędrejko,

Gómez-Renaud

et al. 2024

IJMS

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An increase in the level of nitric oxide (NO) plays a key role in regulating the human cardiovascular system (lowering blood pressure, improving blood flow), glycemic control in type 2 diabetes, and may help enhance exercise capacity in healthy individuals (including athletes). This molecule is formed by endogenous enzymatic synthesis and the intake of inorganic nitrate (NO3−) from dietary sources. Although one of the most well-known natural sources of NO3− in the daily diet is beetroot (Beta vulgaris), this review also explores other plant sources of NO3− with comparable concentrations that could serve as ergogenic aids, supporting exercise performance or recovery in healthy individuals. The results of the analysis demonstrate that red spinach (Amaranthus spp.) and green spinach (Spinacia oleracea) are alternative natural sources rich in dietary NO3−. The outcomes of the collected studies showed that consumption of selected alternative sources of inorganic NO3− could support physical condition. Red spinach and green spinach have been shown to improve exercise performance or accelerate recovery after physical exertion in healthy subjects (including athletes).

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Exploring the Impact of Alternative Sources of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Exercise Performance

Jędrejko,

Gómez-Renaud

et al. 2024

IJMS

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“…Although some recent meta-analyses have highlighted that acute or short-term supplementation regimen do not differ regarding to performance enhancing potential of NO 3 - (Senefeld et al, 2020;Esen at al., 2022a), multiple-day supplementation is currently suggested for trained athletes (Shannon et al, 2022). Further, it is suggested that high-intensity intermittent exercise performance may be more likely to be improved with short term as opposed to acute nitrate supplementation (Alsharif et al, 2023). Therefore, it cannot be ruled out that multiple-day supplementation would have resulted in an improvement following BRJ.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute beetroot juice supplementation did not enhance intermittent running performance in trained rugby players

Esen

Karayiğit

Peart

2023

European Journal of Sport Science

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Purpose: Since the effect of dietary nitrate (NO 3 -) supplementation on rugby performance is unclear, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of acute NO 3 supplementation, on the modified Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 1 (IR1) performance test in trained male rugby players. Methods: In a randomised, counterbalanced, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design, 12 trained rugby union players performed two experimental trials three hours after supplementation of either 140 mL NO 3 --rich (BRJ; ∼12.8 mmol NO 3 -) or NO 3 --depleted (PLA) BRJ. After blood sampling, players performed the modified Yo-Yo IR1 test. Countermovement jumps (CMJ) were also measured before (pre-CMJ) and after (post-CMJ) the prone Yo-Yo IR1 test. Results: Plasma NO 3 -(BRJ: 570 ± 146 µM vs. PLA: 72 ± 23 µM) and nitrite (NO 2 -) concentrations (BRJ: 320 ± 123 nM vs. PLA: 103 ± 57 nM) were increased after BRJ compared to PLA supplementation (both P < 0.001). Performance in the modified Yo-Yo IR1 test did not differ between BRJ (542 ± 209 m) and PLA (498 ± 185 m, P = 0.3). The jump height in pre-CMJ and in post-CMJ were similar between trials (both P > 0.05). Conclusions: Acute BRJ supplementation increased plasma NO 3 and NO 2 concentrations but had no benefit on an intermittent running test that reflects the demands of rugby performance, and CMJ performances. The findings do not support acute high-dose NO 3 supplementation as an ergogenic aid to enhance physical performance in trained male rugby players.

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Acute inorganic nitrate ingestion does not impact oral microbial composition, cognitive function, or high-intensity exercise performance in female team-sport athletes

Tan,

Merrill,

Riley

et al. 2024

Eur J Appl Physiol

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of acute nitrate (NO3−)-rich beetroot juice ingestion on explosive and high-intensity exercise performance, oral microbiota composition, and cognitive flexibility (i.e., function), before and after maximal intermittent running exercise. Fifteen women team-sport athletes were assigned in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design to consume concentrated NO3–-depleted beetroot juice (PL; 0.1 mmol NO3−) and NO3−-rich beetroot juice (BR; 12.0 mmol NO3−) 2.5 h prior to performing a battery of exercise performance tasks and cognitive testing before and after the Yo–Yo intermittent recovery level 1 (YYIR1) running test. Resting plasma [NO3−] and plasma nitrite ([NO2−]) were elevated following BR (P < 0.001). BR did not impact global composition or relative abundance of taxa in the oral microbiome (P > 0.05) or cognitive flexibility before or after exercise (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in performance during 20-m (PRE, PL: 4.38 ± 0.27 vs. BR: 4.38 ± 0.32 s; POST, PL: 4.45 ± 0.29 vs. BR: 4.43 ± 0.35 s) and 10-m sprints (PRE, PL 2.78 ± 0.15 vs. BR 2.79 ± 0.18 s; POST, PL: 2.82 ± 0.16 vs. BR: 2.81 ± 0.19 s), isokinetic handgrip dynamometry, medicine ball throw, horizontal countermovement jump, or YYIR1 (PL: 355 ± 163 m vs. BR: 368 ± 184 m) between BR and PL (P > 0.05). These findings indicate that acute dietary NO3− may not influence the oral microbiome, explosive and high-intensity exercise performance, or cognitive function in women team-sport athletes.

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Effects of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Performance during Single and Repeated Bouts of Short-Duration High-Intensity Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials

Cited by 9 publications

References 102 publications

Exploring the Impact of Alternative Sources of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Exercise Performance

Exploring the Impact of Alternative Sources of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Exercise Performance

Acute beetroot juice supplementation did not enhance intermittent running performance in trained rugby players

Acute inorganic nitrate ingestion does not impact oral microbial composition, cognitive function, or high-intensity exercise performance in female team-sport athletes

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