Effects of dietary phosphorus level on growth, body composition, liver histology and lipid metabolism of spotted seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus) reared in freshwater

Dietary n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio modulates growth performance in spotted seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus) through regulating lipid metabolism, hepatic antioxidant capacity and intestinal health

“…Numerous studies have reported the effect of dietary fatty acid profile on the lipid metabolism of fish ( Bandarra et al., 2011 ; Dai et al., 2021 ; Hundal et al., 2021a , 2021b ; Zhang et al., 2022 ; Zuo et al., 2012b ). Muscle composition can reflect the internal causes of the difference in growth to a certain extent ( Mommsen, 2001 ; Vélez et al., 2017 ).…”

“…Owing to its high economic value, rapid growth and delicious flesh, spotted seabass production in China has been increasing continuously in recent years, having reached 195,000 tons in 2020 ( Lu et al., 2020 ). Accordingly, numerous studies have been conducted to quantify its nutritional requirements such as protein ( Cai et al., 2020 ), lipid ( Xie et al., 2021 ; Xu et al., 2011 ), minerals ( Song et al., 2017 ; Zhang et al., 2022 ), and amino acids ( Cheng et al., 2021 ; Mai et al., 2006 ) requirements, and optimization of protein/energy ratio ( Lu et al., 2020 ). However, to our knowledge, determination of the appropriate dietary n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio for spotted seabass is still needed.…”

Effects of dietary phosphorus deficiency on the growth performance, hepatic lipid metabolism, and antioxidant capacity of Yellow River Carp Cyprinus carpio haematopterus

“…Fat accumulation is a common metabolic disorder induced by P deficiency in aquatic animals (Sugiura et al 2004). Phosphorus deficiency in the diet increased the whole‐body lipid content in Walking Catfish Clarias leather (Yu et al 2013) and Chinese mitten crabs (Lei et al 2021) and increased the hepatic lipid content in Chinese mitten crabs (Lei et al 2021) and Spotted Seabass Lateolabrax maculatus (Zhang et al 2023). In line with these results, our study also found a similar phenomenon: fish that received the P‐deficient diet demonstrated higher contents of TG, T‐CHO, and LDL‐C in the plasma and a higher T‐CHO content and higher relative intensity of oil red O staining in the liver.…”

“…Phosphorus (P) is a vital element for various intermediary metabolism and the formation of hard tissues (Sugiura et al 2004). Phosphorus deficiency has been reported to induce skeletal malformation and growth retardation in fish (Yang et al 2021; Zhang et al 2023). Feed is the primary source of P for fish in aquaculture due to the low P content in the water (Lall 2002; Lall and Lewis‐McCrea 2007).…”

“…In addition to growth retardation and skeletal malformation, P deficiency has also been shown to induce excessive hepatic fat accumulation (Sugiura et al 2004; Lei et al 2021; Zhang et al 2023) and hepatic oxidative stress (Feng et al 2013) in aquatic animals. However, the mechanism behind it has not been fully elucidated.…”