Effects of dietary potassium citrate supplementation on urine pH and urinary relative supersaturation of calcium oxalate and struvite in healthy dogs

Stevenson, Abigail E.; Wrigglesworth, David J.; Smith, Brigitte H. E.; Markwell, Peter J.

doi:10.2460/ajvr.2000.61.430

Cited by 26 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Rationale: Oral administration of granular potassium citrate (150 mg/kg/d) was associated with variable increased urinary citrate concentration (3 ± 9 mmol/L) compared to a noncitrate control (0.1 ± 0.06 mmol/L) . This result may have occurred because the optimal dose of citrate has yet to be determined.…”

Section: Partmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rationale: Oral administration of granular potassium citrate (150 mg/kg/d) was associated with variable increased urinary citrate concentration (3 AE 9 mmol/L) compared to a noncitrate control (0.1 AE 0.06 mmol/ L). 67 This result may have occurred because the optimal dose of citrate has yet to be determined. In a summary of 5 studies with 283 human calcium oxalate stone formers, 97 (34%) reformed stones or had residual stones grow; this outcome occurred in 15% of patients receiving citrate salts compared to 52% of those not receiving citrate.…”

Section: Recommendation 31: Prevent Sterile Struvite Uroliths By Feementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

ACVIMSmall Animal Consensus Recommendations on the Treatment and Prevention of Uroliths in Dogs and Cats

Lulich

Berent

Adams

et al. 2016

Veterinary Internal Medicne

151

155

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In an age of advancing endoscopic and lithotripsy technologies, the management of urolithiasis poses a unique opportunity to advance compassionate veterinary care, not only for patients with urolithiasis but for those with other urinary diseases as well. The following are consensus‐derived, research and experience‐supported, patient‐centered recommendations for the treatment and prevention of uroliths in dogs and cats utilizing contemporary strategies. Ultimately, we hope that these recommendations will serve as a foundation for ongoing and future clinical research and inspiration for innovative problem solving.

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Section: Partmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Recommendation 31: Prevent Sterile Struvite Uroliths By Feementioning

confidence: 99%

ACVIMSmall Animal Consensus Recommendations on the Treatment and Prevention of Uroliths in Dogs and Cats

Lulich

Berent

Adams

et al. 2016

Veterinary Internal Medicne

151

155

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, there have been no studies in cats investigating the effects of dietary citrate addition on citrate concentrations in the urine or the formation of CaOx. In healthy dogs, supplementation of dietary potassium citrate did not result in a consistent increase in urinary citrate excretion (151) . In this study, only a small, but not significant, increase in urine pH was observed.…”

Section: Urinary Citratementioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of nutrition on feline calcium oxalate urolithiasis with emphasis on endogenous oxalate synthesis

et al. 2011

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The prevalence of calcium oxalate (CaOx) uroliths detected in cats with lower urinary tract disease has shown a sharp increase over the last decades with a concomitant reciprocal decrease in the occurrence of struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) uroliths. CaOx stone-preventative diets are available nowadays, but seem to be marginally effective, as CaOx urolith recurrence occurs in patients fed these diets. In order to improve the preventative measures against CaOx urolithiasis, it is important to understand its aetiopathogenesis. The main research focus in CaOx formation in cats has been on the role of Ca, whereas little research effort has been directed towards the role and origin of urinary oxalates. As in man, the exogenous origin of urinary oxalates in cats is thought to be of minor importance, although the precise contribution of dietary oxalates remains unclear. The generally accepted dietary risk factors for CaOx urolithiasis in cats are discussed and a model for the biosynthetic pathways of oxalate in feline liver is provided. Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase 1 (AGT1) in endogenous oxalate metabolism is a liver-specific enzyme targeted in the mitochondria in cats, and allows for efficient conversion of glyoxylate to glycine when fed a carnivorous diet. The low peroxisomal activity of AGT1 in cat liver is compatible with the view that felids utilised a low-carbohydrate diet throughout evolution. Future research should focus on understanding de novo biosynthesis of oxalate in cats and their adaptation(s) in oxalate metabolism, and on dietary oxalate intake and absorption by cats.

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“…, 1996). On the other hand, urine pH fluctuated widely even after dietary supplementation with potassium citrate, although 24‐h accumulated urine was successfully alkalinized (Stevenson et al. , 1998, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For urine acidification and alkalinization, dogs received 0.2 g of ammonium chloride (Kokoshchuk, 1978; Taton et al. , 1984) and 0.6 g of potassium citrate (Stevenson et al. , 2000; Fjellstedt et al.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of urine pH modification on pharmacokinetics of phenobarbital in healthy dogs

Fukunaga

Saito

Muto

et al. 2008

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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Although pH modification is one of the effective strategies for dissolving or preventing uroliths, little is known about its effects on the pharmacokinetics of phenobarbital in dogs. Five spayed, female Beagles were fed with a twice-daily diet that included potassium citrate and ammonium chloride for urine alkalinization and acidification, respectively. After a stabilizing period of 7 days, a single clinical dose of phenobarbital (3 mg/kg) was orally administered, and time-course changes in its serum and urine concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Total amounts of unchanged phenobarbital excreted into urine for 216 h were decreased by urine acidification and increased by urine alkalinization. The elimination half-life of serum phenobarbital in dogs with urine alkalinization was shortened and Cl(R) increased when compared with dogs with urine acidification. Other pharmacokinetic parameters, including C(max), T(max), AUC(0-216), Cl/F, and A(e0-216) were not changed by modification of the urine pH. These results suggest that the pH of urine is likely to be a determinant of the pharmacokinetics, especially urine excretion rate, of a clinical dose of oral phenobarbital. It is possible that the serum concentration of phenobarbital might be altered when a pH modifying-diet is administered for the purpose of dissolving or preventing uroliths.

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Effects of dietary potassium citrate supplementation on urine pH and urinary relative supersaturation of calcium oxalate and struvite in healthy dogs

Cited by 26 publications

References 18 publications

ACVIMSmall Animal Consensus Recommendations on the Treatment and Prevention of Uroliths in Dogs and Cats

ACVIMSmall Animal Consensus Recommendations on the Treatment and Prevention of Uroliths in Dogs and Cats

Influence of nutrition on feline calcium oxalate urolithiasis with emphasis on endogenous oxalate synthesis

Effects of urine pH modification on pharmacokinetics of phenobarbital in healthy dogs

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