Effects of Dietary Protein and Energy on Growth Performanceof Tiger Shrimp Penaeus monodon Reared in Seawater.

Usage of energy reserves in crustaceans during starvation: Status and future directions

“…In addition, optimal dietary protein requirements can be influenced by the environment. Juvenile Penaeus monodon shrimp reared in seawater (40% protein) or 16 ppt brackish water (44% protein) (Shiau and Chou, 1991) had different growth rates. This can be due to differences in the use of dietary protein as energy source or to an effect on protein digestibility.…”

The effect of dietary protein source on growth and carcass composition in juvenile Australian freshwater crayfish

“…This may permit a range of animal and plant-based ingredients to be effectively incorporated into practical diets, on a low cost basis. As protein is usually the major cost-limiting factor in artificial diets used in aquaculture (Goddard, 1988;Shiau and Chou, 1991;Ackefors et aL, 1992;Ali, 1992), it has been selected as the basis of this study.…”

Dietary vitamin C and its derivatives affect immune responses in grass shrimp, Penaeus monodon

“…Dissolved oxygen was monitored weekly and was >7·5 mg O 2 l 1 throughout the experimental period. Water temperature ranged 27-29 C, pH 6·3-6·5 and salinity [19][20][21]. A photoperiod of 12 h light, 12 h dark (08.00-20.00 h) was used.…”

“…Growth (as measured by the percentage of body weight gain), feed e$ciency (FE) and survival were calculated as described previously [21]. After the final weighing, six shrimp were randomly taken from each aquarium, except for the vitamin C deprived group in which four shrimp were taken from each aquarium due to the low survival.…”